Term
|
Definition
| a mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness. (422) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chronic, low grade depression. This label is used for people who tend to get depressed on and off over the years, sometimes mildly, sometimes worse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deeper depression, very often with strong suicidal impulses. People with major depression frequently cannot function at work or in other areas of life, and very often need to be hospitalized. May also come with psychotic features, such as hallucinations (false sensory experience) or delusions (false beliefs). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening. (425)
is characterized by mood swings, between major depression and normality, or between major depression and normality and mania. Mania comes in two degrees: hypomania (more common) and full blown mania. A hypomanic person feels good (the only mental disorder in which the person feels good), energized, and invincible. Hypomanic people may go days without sleep. They use poor judgment, and may spend all of their money foolishly. They make poor business decisions. They may be hypersexual, and sleep with anyone available. But they are functional. For example, a hypomanic artist may be very creative and productive, and may produce many works of art in a short period of time. However, the period of hypomania is very likely to be followed by a crash into severe depression. |
|
|
Term
| Seasonal Affective Disorder |
|
Definition
| in which a person gets depressed during the months which have fewer hours of sunlight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by hormones and brain neurotransmitters out of balance. Sometimes post-partum depression is accompanied by psychotic symptoms of delusions and/or hallucinations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior. (427) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, paralyzing fear of something. (427) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense feears of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home. (427) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anxiety disorders characterized by exessive, inappropriate fears connected with social situations or performances in front of other people. (427) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves repeated episodes of intense fear that strike often and without warning. Physical symptoms include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, abdominal distress, feelings of unreality, and fear of dying. The individual cannot predict when an attack will occur, and many develop intense anxiety between episodes, worrying when and where the next one will strike. |
|
|
Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (428) |
|
Definition
| an anxiety disorder in which a perosn feels dirven to think disturbing thoughts or to perform senseless rituals. (428) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a debilitating condition that can develop following a terrifying event. Often, people with PTSD have persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and feel emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to.
Some people with PTSD repeatedly relive the trauma in the form of nightmares and disturbing recollections during the day. They may also experience other sleep problems, feel detached or numb, or be easily startled. They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy and have trouble feeling affectionate. They may feel irritable, more aggressive than before, or even violent. |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (428) |
|
Definition
| an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance. (428) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatoform Disorders (431) |
|
Definition
| disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis. (431) |
|
|
Term
| somatization disorders (431) |
|
Definition
| a somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause. (431) |
|
|
Term
| conversion disorder (431) |
|
Definition
| somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems. (431) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illnes in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness. (431) |
|
|
Term
| body dysmorphic disorder (431) |
|
Definition
| a somatoform disorders in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible. (431) |
|
|
Term
| Dissociative Disorders (432) |
|
Definition
| disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separaterd from the rest. (432) |
|
|
Term
| Dissociative amnesia (432) |
|
Definition
| a disorder characterized by loss of memory for past evetns without organic cause. (432) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disorder that involves flight from hom and the assumption of a new identity with amnesia for past identity and events. (432) |
|
|
Term
| dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) |
|
Definition
| caused by repeated trauma early in life |
|
|
Term
| Sexual disorders - review the disorders in the chapter summary (434)or (449) |
|
Definition
| http://allpsych.com/disorders/sexual/index.html |
|
|
Term
| Sexual dysfunctions (434) |
|
Definition
| loss or impairment of the ordinary physical reponses of sexual of sexual function. (434) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a paraphilia in which a nonhuman object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving seual excitement (435) |
|
|
Term
| Gender Identity Disorders (436) |
|
Definition
| disorders that inviolve the desire to become, or the instistence that one really is, a member of the other biological sex. (436) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antisocial personality disorder; borderline personality disorder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paranoid, catatonic, disorganized
hallucinations = false sensory experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact. (440) |
|
|
Term
| Disorganized Schizophrenia (440) |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenic disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviors are common. (440) |
|
|
Term
| Catatonic Schizophrenia (440) |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenic disorder in which disturbed motor behavior is prominent. (440) |
|
|
Term
| Paranoid Schizophrenia (440) |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenic disorder marked by extreme suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions. (440) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A childhood disorder characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. (442) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A childhood disorder characterized by lack of social instincts and strange motor behavior. (443) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory of personality Freud developed as well as the form of therapy he invented. (452) |
|
|
Term
| Goal of psychoanalysis - Insight (452) |
|
Definition
| Awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior. (452) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interpretations; where does the material come from that gets interpreted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purging of the emotions or relieving of emotional tensions |
|
|
Term
| Contributions of Freudian theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Client-Centered Therapy - Carl Rogers(454) |
|
Definition
| nondirectional form of therapy developed by Carl Rogers that calls for unconditional postive regard of the client by the therapist with the goal of helping the client become fully functioning. (454) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on principles of learning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses classical conditioning principles to treat phobias |
|
|
Term
| Classical conditioning - Aversive conditioning (459) |
|
Definition
| has been used for smoking cessation, and to treat self-injurious behaviors in autistic children (459) |
|
|
Term
| Operant conditioning - token economy (459) |
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning therapy in which people earn tokens (reinforcers) for desired behaviors and exchange them for desired items or priviges. (459) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychothererapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life stiuation as a way of modifying their behavior. (461) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rational-Emotive Therapy
Counterpropaganda to counter learned irrational beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| get in touch with yourself in the here and now. |
|
|
Term
| Biological Treatments (468) |
|
Definition
| a group of approaches, including medication, electronconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery, that are sometimes used to treat psychological disorders in conjunction with, or instead of, psychotherapy. (468) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to combat depression like that experienced by Mike Wallace. (470) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quickly producing a sense of calm and mild euphoria, they are often used to reduce general tension and stress. (471) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs used to treat very severe psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia. (469) |
|
|
Term
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (shock therapy) |
|
Definition
| used for severe depression. |
|
|
Term
| Kitty Genovese - The Bystander Syndrome (507) |
|
Definition
| It would stand for Americans who were too indifferent or too frightened or too alienated or too self-absorbed to ``get involved' in helping a fellow human being in dire trouble. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assigned some male college students to role play being prison guards and other college students to role play being prisoners, and he put them in the basement of a psychology building on campus and told them it was a pretend prison. In a very short time the students playing the role of guard became abusive, and the experiment had to be halted early. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a loss of personal sense of responsibility in a group. (506) |
|
|
Term
| focus of industrial/organizational psychology (525) |
|
Definition
| the study of how individuals and organizationas work and how psychological principles can be used to imporve organizational effectiveness.(525) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of characteristics presumed to be shared by all members of a social category. (485) |
|
|
Term
| self-fulfilling prophesy (485) |
|
Definition
| the process in which a person's expectation about another elicits behavior from the second person that confirms the expectation. (485) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong pressure to conform prevents its members from criticizing the emerging group consensus. (509) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who are blamed for the problems of the times. (494) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Techniques and programs to improve the social environment so that new cases of mental disorders do not develop. (475) |
|
|
Term
| secondary prevention (475) |
|
Definition
| programs to identify groups that are at high rishk for mental idsorders and to detect maladaptive behavior in these groups and treat it promptly. (475) |
|
|
Term
| tertiary prevention (475) |
|
Definition
| programs to help people adjust to community life after release from a mental hospital. (475) |
|
|
Term
| cognitive dissonance (499) |
|
Definition
Perceived inconsistency between two cognitions. (499)
If you feel that stealing is wrong, but you give in to temptation and shoplift, cognitive diossonance may lead you to conclude that shoplifting isn't really a very bad thing to do. Since you can't change your behavior which has already occurred, you can maintain internal consistency by changing your attitude to be in line with your actions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How close two people live to each other. (488) |
|
|
Term
| factors of interpersonal attraction (488) |
|
Definition
| proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity, exchange, and intimacy. (488) |
|
|
