Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of human beings, as well as the behavior of animals as it applies to humans. The field also encompasses the methods, procedures, instruments, necessary for the study of those procedures. |
|
|
Term
| In what ways in psychology diverse? |
|
Definition
| many different sub-fields within psychology |
|
|
Term
| what is science? what features define science? |
|
Definition
a way of thinking. logical and empirical evidence.
nor defined by subject matter or particular method.
features:
1. Empiricism
2. production of public knowledge
3. examination of solvable problems. |
|
|
Term
| in what ways is psychology a science? |
|
Definition
studies full range of human and non-human behavior
it is empirical |
|
|
Term
| why do some people resist seeing psychology as a science? |
|
Definition
POP psychology ruined it.
self-help multi billion dollar industry |
|
|
Term
| what is empiricism/empirical research? |
|
Definition
direct or indirect observation or experience
a scientific question is something that can be proved or disproved |
|
|
Term
| What are peer review, replication, and converging evidence? How do they contribute to science? |
|
Definition
Peer review is review by colleagues. All psychological research is peer reviewed.
Replication-able to be replicated by other researchers
converging evidence-all evidence points to one conclusion
in science-important to have a lot of evidence for the same thing. agreement in the field. |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of pseudoscience? |
|
Definition
e is a claim, belief, or practice which is presented as scientific, but does not adhere to a valid scientific method, lacks supporting evidence or plausibility, cannot be reliably tested, or otherwise lacks scientific status
ad hoc- come up with another reason after the experiment to explain why you were wrong. Include only supportive info. Burden of proof on skeptics. Too many anecdotes. No peer review. Bad references.
not empirical research. is presented as scientific but it is not. |
|
|
Term
| what is falsifiability and why does it matter in science? |
|
Definition
| of an assertion, hypothesis or theory is the logical possibility that it can be contradicted by an observation or the outcome of a physical experiment |
|
|
Term
| why is it helpful to learn about research? |
|
Definition
| being an informed student and consumer. to be able to know if research claims are legit. |
|
|
Term
| what kinds of activities and jobs do psychologists do? |
|
Definition
| professors at univ, community college, and high school. Researchers in univ, hospitals, corporate, and government setting. Administrators, managing hospitals, mental health clinics, nonprofit org, gov agencies, businesses, school, other facilities. Professors also conduct private practice or conduct research for a social service agency. |
|
|
Term
| how do empirical psychologists view freud? |
|
Definition
| not favorably. no scientific support for his claims. |
|
|
Term
| what is reliability in research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extent of which the results of a study can be attributed by the manipulation of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
whether eating candy really causes alertness during a test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Psychological Association. Set out rules for research and practice. produce many journals, provide resources, make the DSM. |
|
|
Term
| define ethics. identify 5 basic principles and examples of each. |
|
Definition
Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
for the benefit of others. minimizing harm. to not hurt others.
Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
professional standards of conduct
cooperate with other professors
Principle C: Integrity
Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty and truthfulness in the science, teaching and practice of psychology
Principle D: Justice
Psychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures and services being conducted by psychologists
Principle E: Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
Psychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of an experiment? |
|
Definition
manipulation of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
random assignment is very important. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the psychological effect of thinking a drug has had an effect on you when really you were given placebo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both the participants and researchers don't know which is the control group and other manipulated groups |
|
|
Term
| why does correlation not equal causation? |
|
Definition
| just because two things are correlated, this does not mean that they actually are affected by each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third variable problem is when an unintentional third variable influences two separate variables that are being measured. this causes a random and coincidental relationship between the two variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| don't know which variable "caused" the other. does happiness cause better health or does good health make a person happy? |
|
|
Term
| Why are psychology experiments criticized by some for being artificial? What factors limit external validity in psychology research? |
|
Definition
criticized because they are created in labs, often. not "natural"
sometimes research can't be applied to the general population outside the experiment. in order to measure effects of iv on dv, they must be manipulated. that in itself is unnatural. samples used are often not diverse enough to be applied to the general public |
|
|
Term
| what is a probabalistic conclusion? |
|
Definition
generalizations that hold more often than not but that no not apply in every single case.
making one case more important than most cases. larger sample, more accurate probabilities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selected so that all samples of the same size have an equal chance of being selected from the entire population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each manipulation level or group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an article which reports research based on actual observations or experiments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| review of existing studies on a given subject |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articles that discuss theory and involve debate about conceptual or abstract ideas. They seldom refer to primary source material but may analyse other secondary sources. |
|
|
Term
| what is plagiarism? how can you avoid doing it? |
|
Definition
copying another author's work and claiming it as your own.
do not copy other's work. make sure to cite properly. use your own words. |
|
|
Term
| what are the main parts in an empirical psychology manuscript? what is in each section? |
|
Definition
abstract: overview of article.
intro: introduces problem. reviews previous research.
method:procedure, participants, variables, instruments
results: tables and figures of results
discussion: what do the results really mean? possible future research. implications of research to the field. |
|
|
Term
| what is the correct way to cite sources? |
|
Definition
Author, authors, date.
(Rivas, 2003) (Rivas, Kopitar, Williams, 2003)
(Williams et al., 2003)
after the sentance. if saying the author name, only date is necessary. |
|
|
Term
| what is the correct way to make references section. |
|
Definition
indent every line after the first line of each citation. list alphabetically. "references" at the top.
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Running Head: THIS AND THAT AND THIS 1
Title
Name
Institution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What skills are you developing as a psych major that are wanted by employers? |
|
Definition
| communication, organization, critical thinking and problem solving. etc. |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between a ph.d and a psy.d? |
|
Definition
ph.d is more respectable. harder to get into, and get through. more research based.
psy.d is more clinical. offered by many professional schools. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mft is a newer degree. not as respectable because it is not the end-all of psych degrees.
msw is older, more respected. LCSW is the highest degree you can get. can do anything you can do with an mft and often with a ph.d in clinical psych. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 different training models of graduate degree programs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intended to measure what you learned as a psychology major. very important for grad school. |
|
|
Term
| what do grad programs look for in applicants? |
|
Definition
| good gpa, gre score, letters of rec., research experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Guideline #1: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves.
Guideline #2: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness, knowledge, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals.
Guideline #3: As educators, psychologists are encouraged to employ the constructs of multiculturalism and diversity in psychological education.
Guideline #4: Culturally sensitive psychological researchers are encouraged to recognize the importance of conducting culture–centered and ethical psychological research among persons from ethnic, linguistic, and racial minority backgrounds.
Guideline #5: Psychologists strive to apply culturally–appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological practices.
Guideline #6: Psychologists are encouraged to use organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational (policy) development and practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common risks: physical harm- pain, sleep-deprive. Psychological stress. Loss of privacy and confidentiality.•
informed consent- potential research participants should be provided with all information that might influence their decision to participate.
Deception- active misrepresentation of information in a study.
Debriefing- explanation of true reason of experiment to the participant after there has been deception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specializations:
Clinical –study and treat persons with emotional, behavioral, and psychological disorders.
Counseling- same as clinical but instead focus their activities on normative functioning rather than on psych dis.
Development- human development across life span. Educational- process of edu and how people learn.
Experimental- conduct research and teach a variety of topics. Forensic- study legal issues from psych perspective.
Health- how psych, bio, and socio factors influence health and illness.
Human Factor- or engineering psych- how people interact with machines, environment, and products. Industrial- Organizational- apply psychological principles to workplace. Neuropsychology- relation between brain and behavior. Psychometrics, Quantative- new methods and techniques for acquiring, analyzing, applying information. Social- people interact, influenced by social environment. School- fosters the intellectual, emotional, educational, and social development of children. |
|
|
