Term
Purpose/Goals of Psychology
List the goals of Psychology.
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Definition
Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Influence. |
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Term
Scientific Method
List the order of the scientific method and a brief description of what happens in each step
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Definition
Question, what you want to investigate. Hypothesis, what you think the outcome of the experiment will be. Experiment, testing your hypothesis. Results, the data you recieve from your completed experiment. Conclusions, the interpretations of the results. Theory, an experiment that has been tested by many scientists with the same results and is widely accepted as fact.
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Term
Gestalt Psychology
State Definition and supporting facts. |
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Definition
The idea that perception is not a sum of its parts, it involves a "whole pattern". Such as when people look at a chair, they see it as a whole rather than legs, a seat, and other components. |
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Term
Psychoanalitic Psychology
State definition and supporting facts.
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Definition
The idea that our consious thoughts are only "the tip of the iceberg" and underneath our primal biological instincts are in conflict with the requirements of society and morality. The use of free association without censor was used to attempt to porve this theory, but the theory was never proven or disproven definitively.
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Term
Behaviorism
State definition and supporting facts.
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Definition
The idea that responses can be trained through behavioral conditioning. Idea used by Ivan Pavlov to create an experiment in which he wa able to make dogs salivate at the sound of a tuning fork.
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Term
Humanism
State Definition and supporting facts.
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Definition
The idea that each person is unique and has self-concept and potential to develop fully. No experiments have been able to confirm or deny this concept.
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Term
Cognitive Theory
State definition and supporting facts.
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Definition
Focuses on the mental processes and believes that everything else is affected by thought processes not vice versa. No definitive studies have been produced.
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Term
Psychologists
What do Psychologists do?
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Definition
Observe, analyze, evaluate, and treat behaviors. |
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Term
Naturalistic Observation
Define and give an example in which a naturalistic observation would be a good research method. |
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Definition
Naturalistic Observation - the observation of humans or animals without the subjects knowing they are being watched. Seeing how a subject reacts in a new enviorment.
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Term
Survey
Define and give an example in which a survey would be a good research method.
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Definition
Survey - large samples of people whose information is retrieved through interviews and/or questionaires. Finding out what the favorite T.V. show of high schoolers.
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Term
Correlation
Define and give an example in which correlation would be a good research method.
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Definition
Correlation - how to sets of data relate to each other. How hours of t.v. watched correlate to amount of homework turned in. |
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Term
Experiment
Define and give an example where experiments would be a good research method.
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Definition
Experiment - a controled enviorment and variables and how they affect the subject. Finding different objects that stimulate fear or the fight or flight reflex.
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Term
Experiment Terms
Define: Placebo effect, single blind, double blind, self fulfilling prophecy, bias, sample, experimental group, control group
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Definition
Single Blind - The experimenters know who is getting the "product" and who is getting the placebo, but the subjects do not know.
Double Blind - No one not even the experimenters know who is getting the placebo and who is getting the "product" Bias - when an experimenter is not impartial to an experiment. Sample - A group of people information is gathered from. Experimental Group - The group who's independent variable is changed for an experiment.
Control Group - the group who's independent variable remains unchaged as a comparison to the experimental group.
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Term
Parenting Styles
Describe each style and how each style affects kids, Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Passive/Permissive.
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Definition
Authoritarian Parents are very strict and do not accept and disobedience the child grows up in a harsh enviorment and usually grows up to be unforgiving this usually leads to being an abusive person Authoritative parents are strict but fair they usually talk through what happened and use fair punishment children from these enviorments grow up with a level head Passive/Permissive parents are involved very little if at all the child grows up with little to no discipline and never gets a firm grasp on actions and consequences
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Term
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Definition
Automatic coordinated movement patterns. |
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Term
Observational Learning
Define. What is Modeling?
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Definition
Imitation, Modeling is doing what you see, i.e. monkey see monkey do. |
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Term
Escape Conditioning
Define. Give an example.
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Definition
Behavior causing an unpleasant event to stop such as gagging and whining until a food you dislike is taken away.
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Term
Behavioral Contract
Define. Give an example.
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Definition
Making a deal with yourself to do something unpleasant at the promise of something good. |
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Term
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Definition
The choice to avoid sexual intercourse, drugs, and alcohol. |
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Term
Male and Female Personailty Differences
Describe the differences between males and females.
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Definition
Males are more confident than females, Males are physically agressive and women are more verbally agressive, Men talk more than women, Men and women have similar skills in problem solivng until high school, then men excell. |
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Term
Female Adulthood
Describe the stages of a woman's mid adult life.
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Definition
Some women suffer from lonlieness or empty nest syndrome when their last child leaves home, Depression also becomes apparent but quickly shifts to life and maritial changes. |
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Term
Adult Health
What are the main contributions to adult health?
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Definition
Eating habits, and exercise |
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Term
Fluid Intelligence
Define.
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Definition
The ability to solve abstract relational problems and to generate new hypotheses. |
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Term
Crystallized Intelligence
Define.
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Definition
the ability to use accumulated knowledge and learning in appropriate situations. |
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Term
Stages of Grief
What are they? How do people act in each stage?
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Definition
Denial - people attempt to deny that it has happened, Anger - people become frustrated and upset over wht has happened, bargaining, people try to make deals to get their loved ones back, Depression - people become sad and disinterested in things they used to enjoy, Acceptance - people finally let them selves believe it has happened, and keep moving on with their lives. |
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Term
Neurons
Draw and Label a neuron
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Definition
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Term
Parts of the Brain
Describe the main function of each part of the brain: Cerebral Cortex, Hypothalmus, Hippocamus, Medula, Cerebellum, Thalmus
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Definition
| Cerebellum - contorls balance and posture, Medula - controls breathing and most reflexes, Thalmus - integrates sensory input, Hypothalmus - contols hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior, Cerebral cortex - outer layer of the forbrain |
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Term
Brain Technologies
Describe what each technology is used for: MRI, EKG, EEG, CAT
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Definition
EEG - measuring electrical activity in the brain,
CAT - pin pointing injuries and brain deterioration,
MRI - studying brain activity and structure |
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Term
Sleep Apnea
Describe. What are possible causes?
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Definition
Sleep Apnea - frequent interuptions of breathing during sleep, usually caused by excess fat on neck and chin.
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Term
Insomnia
Describe. What are possible causes?
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Definition
a prolonged inability to sleep, usually caused by anxiety or depression.
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Term
Drug Abuse
What are the typical indicators?
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Definition
Agressiveness, sexual arousal, and lowered anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
The larger or stonger a stimulus the larger the change that has to happen for a person to notice anything happened to it. |
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Term
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Definition
The ability to properly discriminate properly between a figure and its background.
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Term
Gestalt Principles
Define. Draw an example
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Definition
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Term
Memory
Define: Encoding, storage, retrival, episodic, echoic, semantic, reconstuctive, confabulation.
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Definition
| Encoding - transforming information for centeral nervous system. Storage - information maitainance over time. Retrival - obtaining information from long term memory. Semantic - knowledge of language. episodic - memory of one's own life. reconstructive - simplified, enriched, or distorted memories. confabulation - the act of filling in memory gaps. |
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Term
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Definition
Rule of thumb problem solving strategies that simplify a problem.
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Term
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Define and Give an example of each.
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Definition
Extrinsic motivation refers to things you need to or have to do, Intrinsic Motivation refers to things you do for your own enjoyment. |
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Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Draw and memorize the Hierarchy.
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Definition
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