Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. describe (as through observation) 2. understand (causes of behavior can be stated) 3. predict (will this happen in a diff situation?) 4. control (of environment to lead to diff results) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-father of psychology
-introspection (looking inward) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| called Wundts ideas Structuralism because they dealt with the structure of mental life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the school of thought concerned with analizing sensations and personal experiences into basic elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-school pf osychology concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to thier environments
-William James |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-behaviorism
-relationship between stimuli and responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-classical conditioning
-dog salivates when Pavlov enters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-modern behaviorist
-behavior controlled by rewards
-operant conditioning |
|
|
Term
Views of Behavior
Psychodynamic View |
|
Definition
-Behavior directed by forces within one's personality that are often hidden or unconscious
-negative, pessimistic view |
|
|
Term
Views of Behavior
Behavioristic View |
|
Definition
-Behavior is shaped and controlled by one's enviroment
-somewhat mechanistic view |
|
|
Term
Views of Behavior
Humanistic View |
|
Definition
-Behavior is guided by one's self-image, by subjective perceptions of the world, and by needs for personal growth
-positive, philosophical view |
|
|
Term
Views of Behavior
Biopsychological View |
|
Definition
-Behavior result of internal physical, chemical, and biological processes
-mechanistic view |
|
|
Term
Views of Behavior
Cognitive View |
|
Definition
-Behavior can be understood in terms of the mental processing of information
-somewhat computer-like view |
|
|
Term
Research Methods
Naturalistic Observation |
|
Definition
-behavior as it unfolds in natural settings
-limited by observer effect, observer bias, or anthropomorphic error (attributing human thoughts/feelings to animals) |
|
|
Term
Research Methods
Correlational Method |
|
Definition
-measurments to discover relationships between events
-correlation does not demonstrate causation |
|
|
Term
Research Methods
Experimental Method |
|
Definition
-technique of controlled experimentation
-brings cause-and-effect relationships into focus |
|
|
Term
Research Methods
Clinical Case Method |
|
Definition
-studying psychological problems and therapies in clinical settings
-allows us to study something that could not be created in a lab
-findings cannot be generalized |
|
|
Term
Research Methods
Survey Method |
|
Definition
-Use of questionnaires to poll large groups of people
-respondents often answer what they think survey givers want to see/hear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-back of brain
-primary visual area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-above occipital lobe
-registers bodily sensations (touch, temperature, pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-on each side of brain
-primary auditory area
-left temporal lobe contains language center (95% of people) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-associated with higher mental abilities and coplex behaviors
-contains motor cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-directs bodies muscles
-strip at back of frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-speech center associated with pronunciation
-person knows what they want to say but cannot say it if there is damage to this area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -language center associated with meaning of words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-regualtes posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination
-stores memories related to skills and habits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contains centers important for reflex control of vital life functions
-connects brain with spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inside medulla and brainstem
-influences attention and keeps us alert |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates emotional behaviors and motives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-system in forebrain
-linked to emotional response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with fear response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with storing lasting memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-learning based on consequences of responding
-response --> reinforcer/punishment/nothing --> response likly/unlikly to be made again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-where an antecedent stimulus that doesnt produce a responce is linked with one that does
-a form of learning where relex responses are associated with new stimuli |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine |
|
Definition
-basic happy chemical
-involved in movement, attention, learning
-too little = Parkinson's Disease
-too much = Schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine |
|
Definition
-most common neurotransmitter
-plays role in attention and arousal
-major part of the autonomic nervous system and works to activate muscles |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Noradrenaline/ Norepinephrine |
|
Definition
| -used in 'fight-or-flight' response, i.e. sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Adrenaline/ Epinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Seratonin |
|
Definition
| regulates digestion, mood, sleep, appetite, learning and memory |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitters
Endorphins |
|
Definition
-reduces pain and increases sense of calm
-when playing sports, having sex, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhibits excitation and anxiety
-too little = anxiety and anxiety disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-subjects randomly assigned to treatment conditions
-good for showing cause-and-effect relationship |
|
|
Term
| Quasi Experimental Method |
|
Definition
| subjects are already in pre-existing groups beyond control of experimenter |
|
|
