Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Belief that natural Phenomena are alive |
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Term
|
Definition
(427?-347?B.C.): Nativism
Beauty, truth, justice, thought exist a priori: The "Allegory
of the Cave"
Knowledge is Innate "The Meno" |
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Term
|
Definition
Environmentalism / observation
Opposed rationalism: The only way to know the truth is
through systematic observation of the world |
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Term
|
Definition
(354-430A.D.): Body influences
the mind - and the mind influences the body (reciprocal interactionism) |
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Term
|
Definition
(1596-1650): Dualism
– Rationalism |
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Term
|
Definition
(1632-1704): Monism
– British Empiricism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Led to the rise of monism (through his accident) |
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Term
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Definition
| (1801-1858): Specific nerve energies |
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Term
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Definition
| (1774-1867): Experimental ablation |
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Term
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Definition
| (1824-1880): Localization of language |
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Term
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Definition
| (1821-1894): Located mind within the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
(1832-1920)
– First psych lab at Leipzig in 1879
– Students went on to U Penn, Yale,
Columbia, Harvard, Cornell, & Stanford
Structuralism |
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Term
|
Definition
| (1867-1927) Structuralist |
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Term
|
Definition
Focused on mental experiences
– Thought can be deconstructed into basic elements
– Structuralism is to psych is what the periodic table
is to chemistry
– Reliance on introspection |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Functionalist
Focused on psychological adaptation
– Asked what mental processes were for
– Argued for experimental methods
– University of Chicago - Dewey, Mead, &
Angell
– Columbia - Cattell, & Thorndike |
|
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Term
| Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) |
|
Definition
Psychodynamics
Medical training
– Clinical approach
– Conscious / unconscious distinction
– Sexuality, dreams, repression
– Ideas based on client observation |
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Term
|
Definition
Behaviourism
Studies of animal behaviour
– Rejection of structuralism
– Established "law of effect"
– Stimulus - response (Pavlov's dogs)
(1874-1949) |
|
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Term
| Thomas Watson and B.F. Skinner |
|
Definition
Behaviourism
Rejection of "mind"
– Behaviour is determined |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Gestalt Psychology:
Holistic approach
– "Sum is greater than it's parts"
– Focus on visual perception
– Principles of -
Totality
Psychophysical isomorphism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Study of the mind through self-reports
– Find the basic elements of thought
– Problems included
Lack of verification
Sketchy philosophical grounding |
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Term
|
Definition
Refutation of mind
– Overly reliant on animal behaviour |
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Term
|
Definition
| Worked with Chimps in 1920s |
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Term
|
Definition
(1935,1938) is writing about:
“Intervening variables”
“Mental maps” in mice and men |
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Term
|
Definition
| “But what of consciousness?” |
|
|
Term
Karl Lashley
Norbert Wiener
Claude Shannon
Warren McCulloch
Alan Turing |
|
Definition
Memory and brain damage in rats
Applied math, robotic guns
Information as binary decisions
Neurons as binary mechanisms
Code breaking computers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Rise in neurophysiology, robotics,& computers
Focus on human brains and how they work |
|
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Term
|
Definition
neural mechanisms behind
behaviour |
|
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Term
|
Definition
neural mechanisms behind
emotions, thought, reasoning |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| behaviour of animals / animal-human dist. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| role of genes on behaviour |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Behavioural analysis: behaviour modification
Personality: social and genetic components
Neuropsychology: neural/physiological abnormality |
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Term
|
Definition
Memory
Perception
Categorization
Learning
Language
Thinking & Reasoning |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Beliefs & attitudes
Social influence: genes and culture
Persuasion and conformity
Aggression and attraction |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Language acquisition
Personality change and development
Logical thinking and reasoning skills
Making friends and forming relationships
Intelligence and special educational needs |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Identifying a problem
Designing a study
Performing a study
Examining the data
Drawing conclusions and communicating the results |
|
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Term
|
Definition
statement of what you predict should
happened in your experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A set of statements designed to explain a set of
results (more encompassing than an single hypothesis) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Scientific questions must be falsifiable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Define specific observable events
or conditions that can be accurately measured by the
researcher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variable we manipulate to
determine any causal effect on the dependent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variable we measure as an
outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A lurking, or unknown, variable that is related to
both the IV and the DV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systematically ordering of conditions
Making sure that all ordered sequences are equally
represented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to the probability that if you conducted your
experiment again you would get the same results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Subset of population used to represent the
population characteristics |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The entire group of interest |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Subjects cured by inert substances |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Hide IV - for example hide the labels in Coke
vs. Pepsi taste test |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Hide the IV from both the subject and the
research assistant (RA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allows us to make causal inferences because...
Confounding variables should be controlled
– Random assignment makes it unlikely results are due
to chance
– Counterbalancing distributes order effects equally
– IV is the only cause of changes in our DV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When the IV is not manipulated by the
researcher |
|
|
Term
| Between Subjects Experiment |
|
Definition
(aka independent samples): Two or
more groups of subjects, each experiences one condition |
|
|
Term
| Within Subjects Experiment |
|
Definition
(aka repeat measures): Two or more
conditions experienced by all subjects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measure of the linear relationship between two variables
Descriptive, NOT causal relationships
No IV's and DV's but predictor and criterion variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plotted on X-axis (abscissa) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plotted on the Y-axis (ordinal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Variation around the central tendency
describes how broadly a set of data points are
dispersed about the mean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most frequent value in a distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central value in a distribution counting inwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sum of all values divided by n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1822-1884): "Father of genetics"
Seminal work on artificial selection (of peas, then bees) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes an individual's genetic code |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Describes how that code is expressed as
Physical characteristics
Behaviour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The British Empiricist notion of mind, blank slate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the study of the genetic bases of social
behaviour
Closely related to evolutionary psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive interaction with other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strong tendency to seek the company of other people (Harlow 1959 - Monkey Love) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Behaviour that increases another’s welfare without
conscious regard for one’s self-interests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system for combining meaningless elements such as
sounds or gestures into utterances that transmit meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Language too complex to be learned peicemeal
(1957, 1980)
An innate module that allows children to
develop language when exposed to an adequate
sampling of conversation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Children are born with universal grammar or a
sensitivity to the core features common to all
languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Cranial and spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emotions,
low level behaviours, initial
memory processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Signaling
fight/flight responses, mating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Encoding
signals into long term
memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autonomic
system, heart rate, hunger,
thirst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(not part of limbic
system): Sensory perception
and autonomic motor control,
attention, language, music |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to hemispheric specialization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to specialization within lobes or brain
regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damage causing extreme difficulty understanding language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Initial diagnoses often
as a result in
behavioural changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perception as problem solving
• Principles of simplicity or "good figure"
• Accept the most stable visual form
-Assume elements of a scene are combined |
|
|
Term
| Gestalt: Law of Proximity |
|
Definition
Objects close together in space or time are perceived as
belonging together |
|
|
Term
| Gestalt: Law of Similarity |
|
Definition
Objects that look similar to one another are grouped
together |
|
|
Term
| Gestalt: Law of Continuity |
|
Definition
We perceive smoothly flowing forms rather than disrupted
of discontinuous ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
We perceptually close up, or complete, objects that are not
completed by edges |
|
|
Term
| Gestalt: Law of Common Fate |
|
Definition
Objects that move together are perceived as belonging
together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Implicit memory for idealized patterns guides object
recognition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Predisposition to perceive one thing over another is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
conceptual frameworks for organising and interpreting
information
-Determines Perceptual Set |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
We can adjust to radical perceptual
changes over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Information from the primary visual cortex to
the association cortex in the parietal lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perception
and location of movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Information from the primary visual cortex
to the association cortex in the temporal lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perception based on image from one eye/both |
|
|
Term
| Monocular Cues: Interposition |
|
Definition
| Object obscured by closer object(s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All things being equal, larger objects are closer |
|
|
Term
| Monocular Cues: Linear perspective |
|
Definition
All things being equal, smaller objects
further away are perceived as the same size when side-byside |
|
|
Term
| Monocular Cues: Texture Gradient |
|
Definition
Texture of distant objects appears finer
Near objects have sharply defined textures, but appear
progressively smoother and fuzzier the further away they are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also increases fuzziness the further away things are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Location of light source and the angle it reflects off
objects provides cues to how objects are arranged |
|
|
Term
| Monocular Cues: Motion Parallex |
|
Definition
When you ride in a car the objects outside seem to be
moving in the opposite direction
• Objects seem to be moving at different speeds – those
closest to you appear to be move faster
• Objects very far away, such as the moon and the sun,
appear to move in the same direction as the viewer |
|
|
Term
| Binocular Cues: Convergence |
|
Definition
| Angle A is larger than Angle B, therefore apple A is perceived as being closer |
|
|
Term
| Binocular Cues: Stereopsis |
|
Definition
Each eye has a slightly different perspective on
the same object
Each retina provides a slightly different image
Object being studied is at the centre of each retinal image,
but other peripheral objects are shifted slightly providing
depth cues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to a modular system where:
• Different parts of the system (e.g., parts of the brain)
undertake and complete specific tasks (i.e., subroutines)
• The system creates sensations from combining the
results from different modules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what a system or sub-system does |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unassociated or independent |
|
|
Term
| Primary Visual Cortex: V1 |
|
Definition
V1 now known to be a very accurate map of spatial
information projected from the retina
These operations process spatial frequency,
orientation, motion, direction and speed |
|
|
Term
| Primary Visual Cortex: V2 |
|
Definition
V2 is functionally similar to V1 such as orientation, spatial
frequency, and colour, but also capable of distinguishing
figure from ground
Strong feedforward pathways to V2, V3, & V4
But also strong feedback pathways to V1 |
|
|
Term
| Primary Visual Cortex: V3 |
|
Definition
V3 seems related to the inferior temporal
cortex (top down processes?)
Exact function is unclear, but possible
global motion across the visual field |
|
|
Term
| Primary Visual Cortex: V4 |
|
Definition
first area to show top down processing of
attention
Selective attention changes firing rates
Still tuned for orientation, spatial frequency, and color
But also intermediate complexity, like simple shapes (i.e,
not faces) |
|
|
Term
| Primary Visual Cortex: V5 |
|
Definition
largely tuned to the speed and direction of moving
visual stimuli
Seems to integrate local visual motion signals into the
global motion
Able to identify line ends and corners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Investigated single cells recordings in the visual cortex of
cats
Reported three types of cells with different receptive fields
Simple Cells: Respond bars of light at a particular angle
Complex cells: Bars of light of a given orientation moving in
a specific direction
Hypercomplex Cells: Bars of light in a particular orientation,
moving in a specific direction, & of a specific length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired ability to track location of objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired ability to recognize objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired ability to recognize particular faces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top down perception of objects is relatively unchanged
despite changes in the sensory input
• Shape
• Location
• Size
• Brightness
• Color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deficits to one sensory input can lead to
increased perceptual sensitivity of other senses
Blind musicians are more likely to demonstrate perfect
pitch (Hamilton, 2000) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
As a record (memory trace or engram)
• As a storage facility
• As a process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Create traces (i.e., contents) from experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hold, organize, and modify contents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First person to study memory systematically
Studied his own memory
Random lists of 2300 nonsense words
(Trigrams) |
|
|
Term
| Modal Model: Atkinson & Shiffrin (1971) |
|
Definition
Based on the biology of sensory
receptors not the CNS
Not influenced by top-down
processes
Very short durations (e.g., 50ms
- 350ms)
Limited capacity
Maintained by
rehearsal
Info lost when
attention is switched
or over time
Digit span approx. 7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
limited capacity single component store
Functions:
• Temporary storage dependent on rehearsal
• Transfer to LTM via rehearsal |
|
|
Term
| Working Memory (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974) |
|
Definition
Multi-system short-term store:
• Central executive (control center) + two slave systems:
• Phonological loop (processes verbal/acoustic info)
• Visuo-spatial sketch pad (processes visual info) |
|
|
Term
| Phonological Similarity Effect |
|
Definition
Similar sounding list
recalled worse than dissimilar sounding lists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Word span decreases as number of syllables/word
increases
Recall depends of reading rate (related to # syllables) |
|
|
Term
| Naveh-Benjamin & Ayers (1986) |
|
Definition
Cross-language effects for
English, Welsh, & Chinese speakers
The faster the words can be articulated, the longer the
memory span (not the # of items) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Operations:
• Mental rotation
• Mental scanning
• Dynamic memory
Supports:
• Spatial problem-solving
• Prediction of dynamic consequences |
|
|
Term
| Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) |
|
Definition
can disrupt
consolidation
• Used to treat depression (no nasty memories/cues) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Keeps information "alive" in WM; rote
recycling; little effect on LTM (cf. Modal Model) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transfers information to LTM; actively
thinking about information and any existing
connections in LTM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Knowing how
often (but not always):
• Action oriented (e.g., driving, operating machinery)
• Effortless
• Fast
• Unconscious / automatic
Knowing that:
Information based
• Can be effortless or effortful
• Conscious / open to examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Personally experienced events
• Temporal information is often encoded with the event
• Interference from similar episodes
• Retrieval also serves as input!
• Episodic memory is continually being updated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Memories for the events in one's own life
A personal form of episodic memory:
• But may also involve interpretive knowledge
• Reconstruction - organization / integration of disparate
events
• Heavy reliance on scripts and schemas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Language (lexical memory)
• General knowledge about the world
• Not always temporally dated
• Very well-organized (protected from interference)
• Not changed by retrieval (i.e., not continually updated)
• Fairly stable over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acquisition of motor skills
• Conditioning
• Habituation |
|
|
Term
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia |
|
Definition
-Loss of memories prior to an incident
-Inability to create new memories after an incident |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recollection or report for events that never occurred
May be vague, suggesting thresholds for acceptance
More likely when accompanied by visualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Links between attention and awareness
• The notion of self-awareness
• Consciousness as control (hypnotism)
• Altered states of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| Phenomenological consciousness |
|
Definition
(the subjective
experience of consciousness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(the experience of being
conscious of something, e.g., knowing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Central processor" contains the contents of
consciousness
• Addresses access consciousness
• Consciousness as current thoughts
• Relies heavily on the concept Working Memory
• Consciousness as a theatre operated by a central
executive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the attentional system facilitates perception of
new objects and inhibits perception of objects already
recognized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dennett (1991):
• Consciousness is not all-or-nothing
• Brain processes information in different modes and
at different times
• Phenomenological consciousness is the activation of
constantly updating drafts of sensory information |
|
|
Term
| Shannon's Theory of Consciousness |
|
Definition
Shannon (1998):
• Phenomenological consciousness is functionally
advantageous
• Ability to distinguish animate from inanimate, alive from
dead (semantic memory)
• Self awareness and awareness of conscious thought
• Reflection of one's own mental states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
State of being awake but also suggestible to influences
First practiced by Austrian philosopher and physician
Anton Mesmer (hence mesmerism)
Contemporary beliefs:
• Voluntary - Does not work on uncooperative people
• Does not give a person mental/physical abilities
• People will not perform unwilling acts
Hypnosis decreases activity
in pre-frontal cortex but not
the parietal cortex
Perception of pain may
decrease but sense of pain
remains the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha wave activity decreases (approx 50%)
We do not feel totally unconscious:
• Hallucinations
• False sensory experiences
• Feeling of falling or floating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sleep spindles - rapid busts of electrical activity
Clearly asleep but sleep talking may occur at this or later
stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transition stage into slow wave sleep
Slow Delta waves begin to appear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase in Delta waves
Hard to waken
Still aware of stimuli around you (loud noises) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
After Stage 4, you cycle back to Stage 3, then Stage 2,
then REM sleep
Cycle last 60-90 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscles relaxed but body highly active
• Characterized by dreaming
• Length of REM sleep increases with cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhythmic changes in:
• Body temperature
• Blood sugar level
• Heart rate
Associated with sleep/awake cycle
Actually 25 hour cycle in humans
Endogenous (internal causes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Needs, wants, and desires that move people to
behave in certain ways
-Goal oriented behaviour |
|
|
Term
Biological Motive
Social Motive |
|
Definition
Origins in bodily needs
• Feeding
• Reproduction
• Aggression
Originate from the environment
• Approval
• Status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stable biological state appropriate to the
environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Corrections made to gain
homeostasis
• System variable: The out of balance factor (e.g,
hunger)
• Set point: Optimum system value (e.g., full up)
• Detector: Monitors for homeostasis
• Correctional mechanism: Adjust the system |
|
|
Term
| The Drive-Reduction Hypothesis |
|
Definition
Drive: Unpleasant feelings or states
Reduction: Behaviors that reduce that feeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Motivated behavior that restores arousal to an optimum
level
• Seek stimulation when under-aroused
• Reduce stimulation when over-aroused |
|
|
Term
Short term energy store
Long term energy store |
|
Definition
-Glycogen (starch from carbs) in
muscles and liver
-Triglycerides (fats) in adipose
tissue |
|
|
Term
Lateral Hypothalamus
Ventromedial Hypothalamus |
|
Definition
-Stimulates Eating
-Stops Eating |
|
|
Term
Organizational Effect
Activational Effect |
|
Definition
-Effect usually occurs prenatal to
produce alterations in the development of the organism
-The effect of a hormone on a
physiological system that has already developed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A subjective sensation experienced as a psychophysiological
arousal resulting from the interaction of
• Perception of environmental stimuli
• Neural & hormonal responses to perceptions
• A cognitive appraisal of the arousing situation |
|
|
Term
| Schacter - Singer Theory (1962) |
|
Definition
A two-stage theory requiring the following:
• Physiological arousal
• An explanation for the arousal |
|
|
Term
Subjective Well-Being
Objective Well-Being |
|
Definition
-Self-perceived happiness or
satisfaction with life
-Physical and economic indicators to
evaluate people’s quality of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perception that one is worse off in comparison to others
Evidence: mildly depressed people reading about
severely depressed people feel better! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clinically significant detriment involving distress or
impairment of functioning
• Internal source
• Involuntary manifestation (Syndrome cannot be
understood as a deliberate) |
|
|
Term
| Psychodynamic Perspective on Mental Disorders |
|
Definition
Mental disorders originate in intrapsychic conflict
produced by the id, ego, and superego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Repression: Anxiety-evoking thoughts are kept
unconscious
Denial: Person refuses to recognize reality
Projection: Person attributes their own unacceptable
impulses onto others
Reaction formation: Converting an unacceptable impulse
into an acceptable one
Sublimation: Converting an unacceptable impulse into a
socially acceptable activity
Rationalization: Person explains away their actions to
reduce anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Medical Model on Mental Disorders |
|
Definition
Mental disorders are caused by specific
abnormalities of the brain and nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive Behavioural Perspective on Mental Disorders |
|
Definition
Disorders are learned maladaptive behaviours that
can best be understood by focusing on environmental
factors |
|
|
Term
| Humanistic Perpective on Mental Disorders |
|
Definition
Mental disorders arise when people perceive that they
must earn the positive regard of others |
|
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Term
| Sociocultural Perspective on Mental Disorders |
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Definition
The cultures in which people live play a significant
role in the development of mental disorders
• Moreover, some mental disorders appear to exist only
in certain cultures |
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Term
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Definition
Mental disorders develop when a
person possesses a predisposition for a disorder and faces
stressors that exceed his or her abilities to cope with them |
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Term
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Definition
Increase the “fitness” by increasing births and
immigration by the “fit” and decreasing them by the “unfit.”
Methods: Segregation, sterilization, immigration
restrictions, marriage restriction laws, community education |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristic of medical diagnostic systems
Assumptions:
• Behavior can be categorised as healthy or disordered
• Consists of non-overlapping types of disorder
• Each diagnostic group share the same features |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristic of personality assessment approaches
Assumptions:
• Behavior differs in attributes (e.g., aggressiveness)
• Attributes differ in strength
• People differ on continuum of normality to abnormality |
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Term
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Definition
There are fuzzy but recognizable combinations of
characteristics that cluster together
These imperfect clusters (prototypes) define abnormal
behavior
Assumptions:
No patient has all of the prototypical features
All patients share most of the features of the prototype |
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Term
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Definition
Axis I - Clinical Syndromes
Axis II - Personality Disorders
Axis III - Related Medical Conditions
Axis IV - Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V - Global Assessment of Functioning |
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Term
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Definition
Sense of apprehension or doom accompanied by
physiological reactions associated with fight/flight |
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Term
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Definition
Unpredictable attacks of acute anxiety
accompanied by high levels of physiological arousal
lasting from a few seconds to a few hours |
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Term
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Definition
Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by
organic conditions and are largely due to psychological
factors |
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Term
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Definition
Feeling sick when no general medical condition can be
detected, or symptoms are far in excess of known GMC
Sickness leads to attention (friends, family, medical) =
secondary gains |
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Term
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Definition
Losing contact with portions of their consciousness,
memory, or perception resulting in disruptions in a sense of
identity |
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Term
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Definition
Emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over
to disrupt physical, perceptual and thought processes |
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Term
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Definition
Marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause
subjective distress or impaired functioning |
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Term
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Definition
Disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive
behavior
-Evidence that excess dopamine
activity may be a possible cause of schizophrenia |
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