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psychologists
ap test
50
Psychology
12th Grade
04/30/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
alfred binet
Definition

 

in 1905________ with theodore simon devised the first modern intelligence test

Term
margaret washburn
Definition

 

the first woman to hold a ph.d. in psychology 

 

 

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jean piaget
Definition

 

developed a four stage theory of cognitive development in children

Term
rene descartes
Definition

 

the doctrine known as dualism, which holds that reality is composed of two entities, mind and matter with the mind being entirely distinct from the body, was advocated by the french philosopher-mathematician _________

Term
albert bandura
Definition

stressed the importance of obsercation and imitation in learning and proposed a more socil-learning approach

 

 

 

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john b. watson
Definition

 

the school of psychology known as behaviorism was founded with the publication of an influential article, "physchology as the behaviorist views it", written by ___________

 

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abraham maslow
Definition

 

the humanistic psychologist who developed a "hierarchy of needs" that stressed the importance of positive growth and self-actualization was  __________ 

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hans selye
Definition

 

developed the general adaptation syndrome (gas) which is a three phase process for dealing with stress

Term
paul broca
Definition

 

proposed that the production of speech is controlled by the left side of the human brain in an area later named after him

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carl rogers
Definition

 

developed a form of therapy called client-centered therapy, which stresses humanistic ideals such as positive personal growth

Term
edward thorndike
Definition

 

the american psychologist who discovered the "law if effect" through his experiments with cats in a puzzle box

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lawrence kolhberg
Definition

 

developed a theory of moral development including preconventional, conventional and postconventional morality or reasoning

Term
charles darwin
Definition

 

the naturalist whose research and writings on the origin of species had a direct influence on the early school of psychology known as functionalism 

Term
stanley milgram
Definition

 

in the mid 1960's conducted controversial research on social obedience

Term
b.f. skinner
Definition

 

one of the most influencial psychologists of the late 20th century advocated the idea that behavior is controlled by its sequences

Term
erik erikson
Definition

 

developed an eight stage theory of psychosocial development beginning with trust versus mistrust

Term
sigmund freud
Definition
the founder of psychoanalytic school of psychology through his development of the id, ego, and superego
Term
roger walcott sperry
Definition

received a nobel prize for his research on split-brain patients who had their corpus callosums cut

 

Term
william james
Definition
"the principles of psychology", written by __________, had a profound influence on the early development of psychology, along with his theory of emotions with carl lange
Term
ivan pavlov
Definition
awarded a nobel prize for work in the area of digestion, discovered that animals could learn to respond to completely arbitrary stimuli. this type of learning was later called classical conditioning
Term
alfred alder
Definition
the founder of individual psychology who developed the idea of "striving for superiority" and "inferiority complex"
Term
solomon asch
Definition
a social psychologist who studied conformity and how group pressure affects distortion of judgement by asking subjects to compare the lengths of different lines
Term
hans eysenck
Definition
proposed that personality was made up of two dimensions: introversion vs extroversion and emotionality vs stability
Term
carl jung
Definition
developed the concept of the colective unconscious and founded the analytical school of psychology
Term
franz mesmer
Definition
one of the first to use hypnosis to help patients was _________. He would "magnetize" his patients, harnessing their "animal magnnetism" to cure their problems
Term
noam chomsky
Definition
linguist who suggested humans have an inborn or "native" propensity to learn to talk
Term
paul ekman
Definition
studied people's facial expressions and found crosscultural agreement on the interpretation of facial expressions
Term
herman rardchach
Definition
a swiss psychologist who developed the inkblot test
Term
david wechsler
Definition
developed an intelligence scale which stressed both verbal and nonverbal intelligence
Term
carl lange
Definition

_________ and william james developed a theory of emotions whereby emotions are the result of bodily reactions rather than the reverse
Term
lewis terman
Definition
american psychologist who made major revisions of binet's intelligence test to create the stanford-binet intelligence scale
Term
walter mischel
Definition
developed cognitive theory of personality emphasizing that people actively participate in the cognitive organization of their ineractions with the environment and behavior is characterized more by situational specifity rather than consistency
Term
walter cannon
Definition
an emotion theorist __________ along with bard, suggested emotional sensory information first reaches the thalamus, then simultaneously are felt and cause a bodily reaction
Term
robert sternberg
Definition
proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triarchic theory of love
Term
karl wernicke
Definition
german neurologist who deiscovered the part of the brain responsible for the comprehension of speech
Term
howard gardner
Definition
divided intelligence into 8 different types; logical-mathmematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist
Term
martin seligman
Definition
the american psychologist ________, proposed learned helplessness can cause depression or other mental illnesses; current advocate of positive psychology
Term
wilhelm wundt
Definition
in 1879, the first psychology labratory was established in leipsig, germany by ________
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anna freud
Definition
continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children
Term
john locke
Definition
the english philosopher, _______, argued every person begins like as "tabula rase" (blank slate) and all knowledge is the result of experience, a view that became known as empiricism
Term
karen horney
Definition
charged that psycholoanalytic theory as developed by freud was male-biased and proposed a more social-cultural approach to balance the masculine view of psychology of the time
Term
herman ebbinghaus
Definition
developed a rigorous empirical approach to the study of memory and the "forgetting curve"
Term
sr. francis galton
Definition
a cousin of darwin, was an english scientist who coined the term "nature vs nurture" and a firm believer in the eugenic theory
Term
harry harlow
Definition
american psychologist who studied attachment ot creguvers in infant monkeys
Term
albert anes
Definition
developed a distortion room that is named after him where people of similar sizes appear to be at different heights
Term
carol gilligan
Definition
an american psychologist who researched differences between males and females in moral development, ________ believed that femles tend to lean more towards fulfilling human needs and are more relationship oriented than males
Term
lev vygotsky
Definition
a russian cognitive theorist who emphasized the role of the environment, especially the social world of people, in intellectual development and the "zone of proximal development"
Term
gordon allport
Definition
an american trait theorist, ________ believed personality can be described in terms of fundamental traits the he divided into three kinds of traitsp cardinal, central and secondary traits
Term
raymond cattell
Definition
the trait theorist who divided personality into 16 factors and suggested there were two types of intelligence, fluid and crystallized
Term
g. stanley hall
Definition
the individual who established the first american psychology research labratory established the first professional journal in psychology and founded the american psychological association
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