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| Behaviorist. Fundamental principle of behavior. Repeat good, don't repeat bad. |
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Psychoanalysis. Unconscious.
3 Levels of awareness:
Id, ego, superego.
The id is raw biological urges.
Ego decision making tha conforms to reality.
Superego is the morality component.
Unpleasent emotions warded off by defense mechanisms. |
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| Focused on childrens cognitive developement. |
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Humanist. Everyone is governed by "self-concept"
Humanists assume people are conscious of their actions. Incongruence is the disparity between self-concept and actual experience.
Client-centered therapy. |
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| David Hubel and Thornton Wiesel |
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| The discovered that cells in the primary visual cortex respond to lines, edges, etc. |
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| Thorndike's law of effect, behavior changes because of its consequences. |
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Conditioning does not have to be from direct experience.
Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes how cognitive factors shape personality
Self-Efficacy, belief in yourself to perform |
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| Episodic memory is gone because he cannot remember time or places. Semantic and procedural are still there. |
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| Found memories could be altered through misinformation. Found that we could make up memories. |
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| Studied short term memory using triagrams, and counting backwards. |
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| Forgetting curve. Rentention and forgetting vs. time. |
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Concluded intellectual variation is due to genetics. Twin studies.
English bio/theo tradition.
Psychometrics, and correlation. |
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Developed first intelligence tests to help kids. Coined 'mental age'.
French clincial/therapy tradition.
Developed Stanford-Binet.
Identify at-risk students. |
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| Louisville Longitudinal Twins Study |
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| MZ are similar in mental ability. DZ are more like siblings. |
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Stages of development:
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
Integrity vs. Despair |
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Analytical psychology: 2 layes of unconscious.
Personal and the collective.
First to form:
Introverts: inside world.
Extroverts: outside world. |
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Individual psychology. Social forces shape developement
Striving for superiority |
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Self-actualization, or need to fulfill one's potential. Hierachy of needs:
Self-actualization
Aesthetic needs.
Cognitive needs.
Esteem needs.
Love and Belonging.
Safety and security
Physiological needs. |
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| Avoidant people have more casual sex. |
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Social learning theory emphasizes how people behave differently
Person vs. situation |
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Personality is largely genetic
Hierarchy of traits in which superficial traits are derived from fundamental traits. |
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Preconventual
conventual
Postconventual |
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| Two-Factor Model: Relies on autonomic arousal and then interperetation of this arousal. |
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