Term
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Definition
| 1. Empiricism - we acquire truth through observation and experience
2. Tabula rasa
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Term
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Definition
1. The world follows specific rules not divine influence.
2. The world and all creatures in it are like machines.
3. Mind body dualism - the mind and body interact. Mind controls/body sends information and follows out orders of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.Founder of Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic School
2.Personality structure of Id, Ego, Superego (unconscious mind)
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3.Development - Psychosexual Stages
Oral
Anal
Phalic
Latent
Genital
4.Dream analysis (manifest & latent)
5.Therapy: free association, defense mechanisms, transference, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Materialism - he said spirit/mind is riduculous, the only things that exist are matter and energy.
2. What we experience as mind is a by-product of the functioning of the brain.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Father of Psychology - he created the first lab in Lepzig Germany
2. Structuralism - trying to understand the parts of mind
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Term
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Definition
1. Student of Wilhelm Wundt
2. Brought Structuralism to the United States |
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Term
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Definition
1. Functionalism - Response to structuralism; the important thing to study is the FUNCTION of mind, what it does and why, how it peform its purpose.
2. Stream of Consiousness
3. 1st Psychology professor at Harvard; wrote the first major psychology text: Principles of Psychology
4. Contributed to the theory of emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Published Origin of Species - described natural selection
2. Overall theory of Evolution using scientific evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.Father of Behaviorism
2.Outspoken advocate of classical conditioning
3. Baby Albert
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Assistant to John B. Watson in famous Baby Albert experiments
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Term
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Definition
1. Student of Freud
2. Created the 8 Stage model of Psycho-Social development. It focus on the development of identity through interaction with other people. Disagreed with Freud's focus on sexuality and the id.
Psychosocial Development:
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair |
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Term
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Definition
1. Swiss Psychologist
2. Through experimenting with his own children and building off of the work of others (such as Baldwin) he created the stage model of Cognitive
Development
Sensory Motor
Preoperational
Concrete
Formal |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.Known for his experimentation with Rhesus monkeys at UW Madison, WI.
2. Developed theories of development which indicated the need for contact comfort and attachment.
3. His experiments are known also for the languge used to describe the apparatuses - rape rack, iron maden, pit of despair, etc.
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Term
| Lawrence Kohlberg
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Definition
| Student of Jean Piaget
Created the 3 stages of Moral development
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Term
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Definition
1. Worked with Kohlberg but eventually challenged his theory in her book: In A Different Voice.
2. Though famous for her ideas that men and women reason about right and wrong, she has received criticism for this theory. |
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Term
| Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
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Definition
Known for the 5 stages of Grief
1. Denial
"It can't be happening."
2. Anger
"How dare you do this to me?!"
(either referring to God, deceased,
or oneself)
3. Bargaining
"Just let me live to see my son
graduate."
4. Depression
"I'm so sad, why bother with anything?"
5. Acceptance
"I know my son will be in a better
place"
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCbler-Ross_model) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.Famous for the Bobo Doll experiment
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2. Developed the theory of Observational Learning and made serious contributions to Social Learning Theory
3.Modeling is an important aspect of his theories |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Russian Physiologist working on salivation and digestive process
2.Noticed the dogs' salivation response to assistant, and tested this with other objects paired with food
3.Discoved classical conditioning
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Term
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Definition
| Famous for his studies of obedience. He tried to explain why people performed such heinous acts during the holocaust. People will perform acts the violate their consciences if an authority acts on them.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Experimented with rats in mazes
2. Through use of mazes he was able to determine that animals and people
create cognitive maps of their environments and that they can also learn without rewards/punishments or through classical conditioning
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Term
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Definition
| Taste Aversion Conditioning - after getting sick, animals will pair the food with that response and not consume the food
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Performed extensive experimentation and developed principles and techniques for Operant Conditioning
2. Looked at reinforcement schedules and positive and negative reinforcers and punishments.
3. Used Operant Conditioning Chambers (Skinner Boxes)
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Term
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Definition
1.Performed experiments on schematic memory and how people can form false memories.
2.Famous for Car Crash experiement
3.Expert on eye witness testimony |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. LAD - Language Aquisition Device; critical period for learning language |
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Term
| Edward Sapir
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Benjamin Whorf
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Definition
Linguistic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis)
Language influences the way people think and act, and the thinking and behavior of people impact the language. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Created the first usable intelligence test: Stanford-Binet IQ test.
2. Employed by the french government to develop a test to idenify school children intellectually deficient children.
3. IQ test is outdated, but is the basis for modern tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Gestalt Psychologist who worked with Max Wertheimer
2. Known for Insight Learning - animals don't learn by trial and error, but through spikes of insight
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Term
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Definition
1. Theories of Multiple intelligences
bullet Linguistic intelligence ("word smart"):
Logical-mathematical intelligence ("number/reasoning smart")
Spatial intelligence
("picture smart")
Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
("body smart")
Musical intelligence
("music smart")
Interpersonal intelligence
("people smart")
Intrapersonal intelligence
("self smart")
Naturalist intelligence
("nature smart")
2. There is a lot of discussion as to whether these are actual different types of intelligence or syles of learning. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cognitive Psychologist focused on intellignce
2. Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence
* Analytical (componential)
* Creative (experiential)
* Practical (contextual) |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed the Wechsler Intelligence Tests (Example - WAIS-R)
1. Verbal IQ
2. Performance IQ
3. Full Scale IQ
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Term
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Definition
1. Theory of Intelligence
g - general intelligence
s - specific intellignece
2. Developed Factor Analysis in Statistics |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Psychologist known for positive psychology, focused on helping people
2. Theory of Learned Helplessness and its connections to Depression
3. Experiement with classical conditioning (pair shock with light) - teach dogs to get out of bad situation; they learned that they could not accomplish anything
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Zoologist known for work with chimps
2. Good example of naturalistic observation - watched chimps in natural environment
3. Found behaviors in chimps that humans also engage in: hunt and eat larger animals, make use of tools, make war on other chimps.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Very famous anthropologist who studied numerous cultures including Samoa, New Guinea, & Bali.
2. Naturalistic observation (watched and studied a culture); prolific writer and photographer of the cultures she studied.
3. Wrote books regarding the raising of children, sex, and other issues in these cultures.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Professor at Stanford University who narrated the Discovering Psychology videos.
2. Famous for the Stanford Prison Study which determined that the environment has a tremendous impact on how people behave. People in prison may act certain ways because of the social situation - they fulfill roles. The environment and symbols associated with their roles.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Expert in developmental neurobiology - how nerve cells become wired.
2. Best known for Split Brain research wherein he showed that the two hemespheres can process information independently.
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Term
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Definition
1. Psychoanalytical Psychologist who corresponded intensely with Freud.
2. Known for his focus on self understanding and symbols. One method of understanding is through analyzing their dreams.
3. Developed the concept of "collective unconscious" and "archetypes" contained within it. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Daughter of Sigmund Freud
2. Famous Psychoanalyst in her own right; started child psychoanalysis and focused on the ego in the personality structure.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. One of the early founders of experimental psychology. He focused on scientifically studing what the body could sense and perceive. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Theory of long-term memory:Semantic Memory (language) and Episodic (memory of things that happened to you)
2. Idea of encoding specificity - memories are encoded with certain words and ideas, retreval cues activate these memories. You need a word or idea to pull out a memory from the vast amount stored in your mind.
3. L.R. Squire came up with a theory of memory that placed Tulvings categories in Declarative memory and added Procedural memory for skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expert on human faces and how they indicate emotions.
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Humanistic psychologist who focused on the good side of human behavior.
2. Self actualization - strive to reach one's own unique potential
3. Hierarchy of needs
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Term
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Definition
1. A humanistic therapist, Rogers focused on helping people get better. He said everyone develops a "self", the image of who he/she is. This often hinges on conditions of worth, things we think need to do to feel good about who we are (If I do this, she likes me).
2. All people are searching for positive regard; in therapy Rogers treated patients with unconditional positive regard. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Found, incorrectly, that rich families were smarter than poor families. Really it was an issue of opportunity.
2. Argued that smart parents should be encouraged to have children as to increase the intelligence of our population. He proposed that the government reward these families with money for producing children.
3. His ideas were used by Hitler during the Holocaust. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Asch Conformity Experiment - presented students with lines. Only one student was the actual participant and the other students were confederates who lied and identified the wrong line. Although some conformed, many of the subjects gave off signs of discomfort. |
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