Term
| Why Freud's transition to Structural Model? |
|
Definition
limitations in Topographical model... no place for:
-Censors; what drives repression?
-Morals and Values
-Internationalizations
-Narcissism; where does the self reside?
-Agression; no place in topographical model
Also, Anxiety is a SIGNAL of danger. |
|
|
Term
| Structural Model works with both ________ and _________ worlds. |
|
Definition
| Internal (thoughts, memories, emotions) and External (environment). |
|
|
Term
| Structure = Aspect of the mind that is _____ to change. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F The ego is mutable and can be influenced? |
|
Definition
| True. Teens look to adults; "what kind of adult do i want to be?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Mediator, the self, the "I". Done through compromise formation, done through defenses. Boots up in the morning without much thought |
|
|
Term
| T/F Conflict can be between any of the domains of the mind? |
|
Definition
| True. censorship no longer a barrier between two systems, but is an ego functions. |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 Clinical Emphasis of the Structure Model? |
|
Definition
The role(s) of:
-Anxiety
-Guilt
-Pain of Loss |
|
|
Term
| In Structural Model..People talk about it as a thing; "IT came over me", and "I don't know what it was, i just hit her" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Structural Model...the Mediator and the "I" |
|
Definition
Ego.
I am hunger, I took the test |
|
|
Term
| In Structural Model, the domain which contains Morals. it is slow to change, and acts like an internal judge and critic. |
|
Definition
| SuperEgo. Values, Morals and Ideals |
|
|
Term
With the SuperEgo we feel guilt.
Name 2 ways to NOT feel guilty. |
|
Definition
Being Punished
Making amends (religion is good at this; repent and feel better) |
|
|
Term
| Brenner. Name the 4 Calamities of Childhood. |
|
Definition
-loss of object
-loss of love
-loss of bodily integrity (castration anxiety)
-Guilt; loss of the superegos love (loss of self-esteem) |
|
|
Term
Explain each of the following:
Loss of the object
Loss of love
Loss of bodily integrity (castration anxiety)
Guilt: loss of the superego’s love (loss of self esteem) |
|
Definition
Loss of love: infant is distressed when caretaker is out of sight. Caretaker is the object.
Loss of Love:At around 7 or 8 months, the parent becomes an individual, unique person to the child (often happens with sibling rivalry)
Loss of Bodily Integrity:Fear of being “cut down” or humiliated, made to feel ashamed. toilet training age, also physical threat to body, sexual abuse which intensifies levels of anxiety
Guilt: Danger attack of SuperEgo! fear of loss of SuperEgo's love; As children mature, they internalize certain moral attributes of their parents and culture, and develop what we call conscience, a sense of right and wrong. |
|
|
Term
| Freud believed that "Actual-Neurosis" was caused by _________ __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frued's "Compulsion to Repeat" referred to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the child in the oral phase of development, the child’s mouth can be understood as the ___________ and the mother’s breast as the _____________ of the drive. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the word “free” in free association? |
|
Definition
Freeing associated thoughts from conscious control.
(Remember there are no RANDOM free flowing thoughts bc nothing is Random!) |
|
|
Term
Within the Affect-Trauma frame of reference Freud utilized all of the following concepts except:
Ego
Superego
Defense
Psychic energy or “forces.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condensation, displacement, and symbolization are all potentially utilized in dreams by the dreamer in order to change mental contents from: |
|
Definition
| Obvious to disguised fulfillments of conflictual wishes. |
|
|
Term
| T/F DRIVES are contents of the Precocious. |
|
Definition
| False. The reside in the unconscious (Topographical Model) |
|
|
Term
| Name at least the criterion for assessing level of personality organization that are described in the PDM. |
|
Definition
-Self and Others
-Relationships
-Affect
-Regulation of Impulses and Affect
-Moral Sensibility
-Reality Testing
-Stress Response |
|
|
Term
| What is Control Mastery Theory? (Weiss, Sampson since '64, Study of 50 16-year sessions over 15 year analysis) |
|
Definition
Unconscious is in control of when warded off contents are brought forth.(Implies that under the right conditions, the patient will be able to work through materials that are currently not available, i.e., defended against or kept out of the treatment.
SAFETY is seen as the critical element.
(People cry during happy endings in movies, not during the sad middle part) |
|
|
Term
| "Control" aspect of Control Mastery Theory suggests that the unconscious mind may operate in a somewhat _______ way. |
|
Definition
| Logical. Such as in Problem Solving or Evaluating. (Control over warded off or repressed mental contents, controlled by the UNCONSCIOUS mind) |
|
|
Term
| "Mastery" aspect of Control Mastery Theory suggests that the |
|
Definition
| Our most clear motive as humans is adaptation and mastery. |
|
|
Term
| For Weiss, ___________ is a central human motivation. Symptoms can bee seen as reflecting prior attempts at _________. |
|
Definition
| Adaptation, Adaptations. (To an inferred reality) |
|
|
Term
| Explain Unconscious Pathogenic Beleifs. (Like a schema in a way) |
|
Definition
| Weiss sees our early inferred beliefs about reality as central; these unpathogenic beliefs warn the patient against pursuit of highly desirable goals, e.g., independence, dependence, etc...if goals are pursued = guilt, shame, fear, self-hate, or disruption of relationships with others (if im perfect then i will be loved) the beliefs say, "This is how its supposed to be. |
|
|
Term
| Brenner. Name the 4 Calamities of Childhood. |
|
Definition
-loss of object
-loss of love
-loss of bodily integrity (castration anxiety)
-Guilt; loss of the superegos love (loss of self-esteem) |
|
|
Term
| T/F (Weiss) People come to therapy to dis confirm Unconscious Pathogenic Beliefs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Weiss) Name 2 ways to dis confirm Unconscious Pathogenic Beliefs. |
|
Definition
-Transference
-Passive to Active Tests (Do to you what was done to me.
Whenever feel under pressure by pt to act, to respond, etc, probably passive to active test) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Anna Freud and Melanie Klein were homies. |
|
Definition
False. Whereas Freud looked to the "Oedipal phase" as central…
Klein was interested in “earlier processes” in development.
She worked with children/utilized traditional psychoanalysis w/ young children. Evolved technique, e.g., using toys and play with children. |
|
|
Term
| For Klein: “portrayal of the mind as a _________ _________, kaleidoscopic stream of primitive, phantasmagoric images, fantasies, and terrors.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For Klein: The psyche “remains always ________, _______, constantly fending off psychotic anxieties.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary struggle for Klein (p. 88): the deep terrors of annihilation (_____ anxiety) and utter abandonment (______ anxiety). |
|
Definition
| (paranoid anxiety) (depressive anxiety) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Klein thought of libido and aggression as the GOOD and the BAD of the self. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Freud or Klein thinking about Ego: SHIFTING ALL THE TIME You never know which client you will get when you work with him… always changing. |
|
Definition
| Klein. Her thinking was Ego as discontinuous, vacillating between a loving orientation toward loving and lovable other people, and a hateful orientation toward hating and hateful others |
|
|
Term
| Freud vs Klein... Perspectives on Impulses? |
|
Definition
For Freud, the aim of the impulse was discharge (gratification).
For Klein, objects were regarded as built into the experience of the impulse itself… e.g., Thirst would = to long for the object of that thirst... for Klein it was more complex. Thus embedded within the impulse is the object; “the object of desire was considered implicit in the experience of desire itself” |
|
|
Term
| (Klein)Infants First Position: Paranoid-Schizoid... refers to the separation of the _____ from the ____. |
|
Definition
| good from the bad. (Position; because, whereas Freud delineated a progression of psychosexual stages, Klein proposed an “organization of experience (of internal and external reality) and stance toward the world”) |
|
|
Term
| (Klein ) The Depressive Position... when the whole object is experienced as sometimes _____ and sometimes ____. |
|
Definition
good, bad.
Realizing the one who is gratifying is the same as the one who causes frustration and I cant control.. Sometimes people are sometimes gratifying and sometimes not.. This is a depressing idea that you cannot have what you want when you want it. (Klein: the breast, gratifying or frustrating. She believed this was dealt with throughout life.) |
|
|
Term
| Klein's perspective of Envy? |
|
Definition
“Intention to spoil what one cannot have” It is the most destructive
(Greed leads to ruthlessness in terms of acquisition, and an intent to control and possess) |
|
|
Term
| What were the 3 groups British psychoanalysts split into? |
|
Definition
-Kleinian
-Anna Freudian
-Middle/Independent; (Fairbairn and Winnicot) non-Kleinian Object Relations theorists (probably the beginning of the attachment theorists) |
|
|
Term
| Were Fairbairn and Freud homies? |
|
Definition
No. diff perspectives/LIBIDO
For Freud: libido pleasure seeking, gratification and avoid pain.
For Fairbairn: Libido is object-seeking, aimed at making relationships with others. |
|
|
Term
| Fairbairn proposed “There is such a thing as a ___ ______.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For Fairbairn, Object relations describes a relation which...... |
|
Definition
....exists in the person's mind.
(“The child bonds to the parents through whatever forms of contact the parents provide, and those forms become lifelong patterns of attachment and connection to others.”) |
|
|
Term
| (Fairbairn) Splitting of the Ego |
|
Definition
| “Splitting of the ego” is where the good and the bad parts of the parents are kept apart, and where there is no possibility to feel ambivalence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sense of being alive and real in one's mind and body, having feelings that are spontaneous and unforced. (Winnicott believed the True Self was only a result of a "good enough" mother)(Example: the guy who goes to Starbucks and always wants people to like him. He cannot be spontaneous, is constantly worried about how people feel about you, and lact the ability to be spontaneous; Inability to be TRUE SELF`) |
|
|
Term
| Were Erik Erikson and Anna Freud Homies? |
|
Definition
| Yes. Erikson was interest in the psyche and culture |
|
|
Term
| Erik Eriksons Perspective. which component did he add to the theory? |
|
Definition
| Erickson thinks about the culture and the mind… how the culture creates the mind. The cultures, the values that the parents have… childhood as a way that culture preserves itself. ADDING A PSYCHOSOCIAL COMPONENT. |
|
|
Term
| Erikson's theory of ego development? Whats similar to Freud, what is different? |
|
Definition
SIMILAR: Erikson envisions the Ego as stages, each stage related to a pshychosexual phase (Oral, Anal)
DIFFERENT: He extends the idea of development to across the LIFESPAN. |
|
|
Term
| Erikson's 8 Stages of Development |
|
Definition
1. Infancy: Birth to 18 Months
Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Early Childhood: 18 Months to 3 Years
Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. Shame
3. Play Age: 3 to 5 Years
Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt
4. School Age: 6 to 12 Years
Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority
Basic Strengths: Method and Competence
5. Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years
Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Young adulthood: 18 to 35
Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation
Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love
7. Middle Adulthood: 35 to 55 or 65
Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation
Basic Strengths: Production and Care
8. Late Adulthood: 55 or 65 to Death
Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair
Basic Strengths: Wisdom |
|
|
Term
| Kohut; Self Psychology...Kohut worked with ________ clients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For Freud: All libido at first self directed; primary narcissism, infant feels all powerful until libido is transformed into object libido
For Kohut:NO DRIVES in his theory, only mirrored sense of self.
-tried to listen/client & their experience/perspective
-Empathic emersion…radically trying to understand the patients perspective
- viewed the self as separate but coexistent to the ego, Kohut later rejected Freud's structural theory of the id, ego, and superego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Selfobjects “who respond to and confirm the child’s innate sense of vigor, greatness and perfection.”
The child requires experiences with selfobjects who evoke for the child a sense of essential likeness between the child and the selfobject. |
|
|
Term
| Kohut's 3 types of Transference |
|
Definition
-Mirroring
-Idealizing
-Alter-ego/twin-ship |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote the paper about Mr. Z and what was it about? |
|
Definition
| Kohut; shallow people. Mr. Z had a lack of vibrancy and hollowness. Some questioned whether he was writing about himself. |
|
|
Term
| Which theories did KERNBERG attempt to combine? |
|
Definition
| Classical Drive Theory + Object Relations Component = Kernberg's perspective |
|
|
Term
| Kernbergs 4 levels of personality organization |
|
Definition
Healthy
Neurotic
Borderline
Psychotic |
|
|
Term
| For Kernberg, Failure to overcome ________ will result in borderline organization of personality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heinz Hartman: Rather than forged into conflict and frustration... certain CONFLICT FREE ego capacities were seen as .... |
|
Definition
| ...intrinsic potentials (language, perception, object comprehension, intelligence) |
|
|
Term
| Spitz: Others are not just used for target of drive... |
|
Definition
| ...others are NEEDED, two people engaged in something with development AS A RESULT OF DYAD. |
|
|
Term
| Failure to Thrive. Who and what was it |
|
Definition
Spitz
-Infants whose physical needs were adequately met but who were deprived of nurturing/caregivers loving caretakers hand became WITHDRAWN, DEPRESSED and SICKLY. |
|
|
Term
| Spitz: Mother is the “________ ___” |
|
Definition
| "Auxillary ego" Chewing things up for the patient so they don’t choke, mother acts at infants barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paranoid anxiety (similar to Brenner's calamity of childhood, Being along, Object Loss (Klein) |
|
|
Term
| (Weiss Article) What are repression barriers? |
|
Definition
| forces that prevent repressed material from reaching awareness... (the repressed material continue to influence mood and bx) |
|
|
Term
| (Weiss Article) Explain the First Hypothesis: Dynamic Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| Two Opposite forces (sexual & aggressive impulses -VS- Repressive Forces) working dynamically against/with each other result in bx. (No control over unconscious functioning.) |
|
|
Term
| (Weiss Article) Explain Second hypothesis: Unconscious-Control |
|
Definition
| People have Some control over unconscious mental functioning; they unconsciously decide which repressed material might be 'dangerous' to express. (Freuds Later Writing) |
|
|
Term
| (Weiss Article) What did we learn from Mrs. C? |
|
Definition
| We learned that she bacame more comfortable, less anxious and more loving after the analyst did NOT accede to her unconscious demands. (and therefor either passes her tests or frustrated her wishes). He dis-confirmed her pathogenic beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| (Weiss Article) Weiss's version of Control Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| Psychological problems are pathogenic beliefs: unconscious, irantional ideas that cause and maintain psychological disturbance |
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV Levels of Defenses |
|
Definition
High Adaptive Level (Like coping skills)
Mental Inhibition level
Minor Image Distorting level
Disavowal level
Major Image Distorting level
Action level
Level of Defense Dysregulation |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 Psychoanalysts who were Middle/Independent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Freud - need for gratification
Sullivan - need for security
(In contrast to Freud for Sullivan human needs are not problematic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...people with Schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
| Who developed True Self theory? (True Self vs False Self) |
|
Definition
|
|
