Term
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Definition
Depressant
Serum GGT is sensitive indicator of use
Lab AST value is twice ALT value
Severe withdrawal can cause autonomic hyperactivity and DTs (tx with benzodiazepines) |
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Term
| Opioids (morphine, heroin, methadone) |
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Definition
| Depressant Euphoria, resp and CNS depression, dec gag reflex, pinpoint pupils, seizuers (overdose); tx w naloxone, naltrexone Withdrawal - sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea; tx w methadone, buprenorphine |
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Term
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Definition
Depressant
Low safety margin, marked resp depression
Withdrawal - delirium, life-threatening CV collapse |
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Term
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Definition
Depressant
Ataxia, minor resp depression; tx w flumazenil (comp antagonist)
Withdrawal - sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure (severe) |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant
Euphoria, grandiosity, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness and attention, hypertension, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever; severe - cardiac arrest, seizure
Withdrawal - anhedonia, inc appetite, hypersomnolence, existential crisis |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant
Impaired judgment, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death; tx w benzos
Withdrawal - hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psychological craving, depression/suicidality |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant
Restlessness, inc diuresis, muscle twitching
Withdrawal - lack of concentration, headache |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant
Restlessness
Withdrawal - irritability, anxiety, craving; tx w bupropion/varenicline |
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Term
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Definition
Hallucinogen
Belligerence, impulsiveness, fever, psychomotor agititation, analgesia, nystagmus, tachycardia, homocidality, psychosis, delirium, seizures; tx - benzos, rapid-acting antipsychotic
Withdrawal - depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, anergia, disturbances of thought and sleep |
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Term
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Definition
Hallucinogen
Perceptual distortion (visual, auditory), depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, possible flashbacks
No withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| Hallucinogen Euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, impaired judgement, social withdrawal, inc appetite, dry mouth, conjunctival injection, hallucination; Rx form is dronabinol, used as antiemetic in chemotherapy and appetite stimulant in AIDS Withdrawal - irritability, depression, insomnia, nausea, anorexia; peak in 48 hrs and last 5-7 days; detectible in urine for 4-10 days |
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