Term
| What is the recognized age of retirement and the accepted age of transition from middle age and old age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of the population is estimated to be over the age of 65 by the year 2020? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fastest growing segment of the population? |
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Definition
| Those over the age of 85, or "the old-old". |
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Term
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Definition
| The care of aging patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of aging (that's gerontology folks, not scientology) :) |
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Term
| What do aging patients tend to call themselves? |
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Definition
| Senior or Mature Citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grief after the loss of a loved one. |
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Term
| What are two benefits given to people at 65? |
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Definition
| They can collect social security and medicare health insurance. |
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Term
| What are some of the losses faced by aging people? |
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Definition
| Loss of friends and family, independence, health and strength, and their perceived value in society. |
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Term
| What percentage of elderly live below the poverty line? |
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Definition
| 13%, even with social security and medicare. |
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Term
| How much of health care expenditure goes to caring for the elderly (people over the age of 65)? |
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Definition
| more than 1/3 (as of 2002) |
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Term
| What are the average life expectancies for white men and women? |
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Definition
| 75.5 (men) and 80.8 (women) |
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Term
| What are the average life expectancies for black men and women? |
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Definition
| 69.5 for men and 76.5 for women. |
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Term
| What population has the longest life expectancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of elderly have at least one chronic condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of elderly have some form of limitation to their activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of elderly are homebound? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of elderly would call their health excellent or good (among those not institutionalized)? |
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Definition
| 60% (20% would call it good) |
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Term
| What are the biological factors that change in the elderly? |
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Definition
| General health factors, cardiovascular and blood pressure changes, nutrition, neurological changes, gastroenterologic changes, renal changes, and pharmacokinetic changes. |
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Term
| What are the cardiovascular changes an elderly patient may face? |
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Definition
| cardiac output decreases in both stroke volume (due to loss of cardiac muscle mass and vessel effects) and maximal heart rate. |
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Term
| What happens to blood vessel compliance in elderly patients? |
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Definition
| It decreases, raising systolic blood pressure and risk for orthostatic hypotension and postprandial hypotension (loss of blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal). |
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Term
| Why does appetite decrease with age? |
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Definition
| It decreases due to lower resting metabolic rate and decreased physical activity. May also decrease due to loss of smell. |
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Term
| Where does the brain tend to lose mass with aging? |
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Definition
| frontal lobes and hippocampus. Gray matter of cortex thins, reduction of mass in white matter. |
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Term
| What are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles indicative of? |
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Definition
| Alzheimer's Disease, although their existence does not necessarily mean the patient has this illness. |
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Term
| What is decreased Acetylcholine secretion associated with? |
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Definition
| decreased memory and learning speed. |
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Term
| What is decreased GABA, dopamine, and norepinephrine associated with? |
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Definition
| depressive and anxious symptoms. |
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Term
| What are the three main gastroenterological changes? |
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Definition
| Size of liver decreases partially due to decreased blood flow. Causes increased toxicity of medications. Gastric enzyme activity is reduced and gastric emptying is slowed. Intestinal absorption is slowed. |
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Term
| What happens to renal output? |
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Definition
| Decreases from 1200 mL/minute to 600 mL/ minute. |
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Term
| Erickson described this age as ego integrity versus despair. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| either a person has satisfaction and pride with her past accomplishments or feels she was wasted her life. |
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Term
| What is "assisted living"? |
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Definition
| when people live in complexes consisting of private rooms or apartments where they can receive help with meals, shopping, and housework. |
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Term
| How much of the elderly population is afflicted with dementia? |
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Definition
| less than 10%. Most elderly retain the majority of the cognitive ability until later in age. About 50% of those over 85 will suffer from dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may help prevent this in the future. |
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Term
| Are elderly men or women more likely to have disabling health problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors associated with longevity? |
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Definition
| family history of longevity, continued physical and occupational activity, work satisfaction, advanced education, and social support systems. |
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Term
| What are some of the developmental tasks of this age group? |
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Definition
| 1. prepare for retirement and possible loss of social structure. 2. re-order one's priorities. Possibly pursue new or deferred interests. 3. deal with loss of health and vigor. 4. adjust to loss of loved ones 5. realize one's own mortality 6. adjust to role of older family member |
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Term
| What are Erik Erickson's stages of development? |
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Definition
Stage 1: basic trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 18 months)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18 mos to 3 yrs)
Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt (3-5 yrs)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (5-13 yrs)
Stage 5: identity vs Role Confusion (13- young adulthood)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (20's)
Stage 7: Generativity vs Stagnation (30-40's, midlife to old age)
Stage 8: Ego integrity vs. despair |
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Term
| What percentage of dementia cases are due to Alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does verbal task performance change with age? |
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Definition
| no. It seems to remain stable. (defining words and reading comprehension) |
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Term
| Why does nonverbal task performance decline with age? |
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Definition
| reduced gray matter, reduced white matter myelin, and reduced neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes, in the absence of specific brain disorders. |
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Term
| What percentage of elderly people have a mental illness? |
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Definition
| About 25%. Barring cognitive impairments, they have a lower incidence of psychiatric disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressive symptoms masking as dementia. Characterized by memory loss and cognitive problems. |
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Term
| What percentage of people age 75 and age 85 are living in nursing homes according to our lecture notes? |
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Definition
| 10% of people over 75 are in a nursing home and 20% at the age of 85 are. 25% of elderly people are cared for my a younger family member. |
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Term
| What are the best predictors of nursing home admissions? |
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Definition
| falls and fall-related injuries. |
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Term
| What is the best way to reduce risk of falling in the elderly? |
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Definition
| exercise and regular activity. |
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Term
| What some losses faced in old age? |
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Definition
| loss of social status, occupational status, spouses, family members, friends, and functioning. |
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Term
| What are some normal symptoms of grief? |
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Definition
| shock, disbelief, numbness, guilt, survivor guilt, dreams or hallucinations (not pathologic if patient realizes that they are not real). Also patient may experience poor sleep, diminished interests, feelings of weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss, trouble concentrating, sadness. |
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Term
| What is pathologic grief? |
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Definition
| a synonym for depression that occurs as an extension of grieving. |
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Term
| Who is at risk for pathologic grief? |
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Definition
| those who suffered a sudden, horrific loss, those that are socially isolated, have a history of traumatic losses, mood problems, are substance abusers, or that had an ambivalent relationship with the deceased. |
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Term
| What are the five stages of grief as presented by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross? |
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Definition
| DABDA Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance |
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Term
| Describe stage one of the 5 stages of grief? |
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Definition
| Denial and Shock. Patients may be dazed. Resistance is unconscious, resolved in hours or days. Physician's task? respect patient denial while still communicating. decrease patient fears by continuing to care for them. |
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Term
| What is the second stage of grief? |
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Definition
| ANGER! Nuff said. Anger, irritability, "Why me?" Can be directed at God, family, self. May reflect frustration at lack of control in situation. |
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Term
| What is the third stage of grief? |
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Definition
| Bargaining. With family, doctors, God. May involve keeping pledges. Physicians job: encourage patients to be partners in their care. Be honest and straight forward. |
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Term
| What is the fourth stage of grief? |
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Definition
| Depression. May show signs of apathy, withdrawal/ social isolation, sleeplessness, hopelessness, suicidal ideation. Signs of sadness normal, major depressive symptoms not. Physicians tasks: monitor for and treat major depression |
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Term
| What is the fifth stage of grief? |
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Definition
| Acceptance. Patients achieve resolution of discomfort with thoughts of death. May take comfort in talking about it. Person is better able to enjoy her time. |
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Term
| Kubler-Ross also poineered what movement |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a child's concept of death? |
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Definition
| Under the age of five they do not have the concept of death as a reversible process. child is more likely to fear mutilation, separation from parent, and punishment. |
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Term
| When does a child gain an understanding of the universality of death? |
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Definition
| around age 6. Fear of parent dying/ abandoning them. children's thinking is concrete and egocentric. |
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Term
| What are six general good ideas in helping kids deal with death/ loss/ trauma? |
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Definition
| 1. be honest, open and clear. 2. Do not avoid the topic when the child brings it up. 3. Be prepared to discuss the same details again and again. 4. Be available, nurturing, reassuring, and predictable. It is important that the child feel safe and cared for. 5. Understand that surviving children often feel guilty. 6. Take advantage of professional, religious, social resources. |
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Term
| What are the rules of dealing with a dying patient? |
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Definition
| Tell them everything. Do not give false hope. Allow the person to talk about feelings, Keep the patient involved in activities, and help them to avoid social isolation. |
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