Term
| Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| device that measures and amplifies slight electrical changes on the scalp that reflect brain activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain that includes the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata, and in mammals the pons and that controls autonomic functions and equilibrium. responsible for protective reflexes (coughs and sneezing). |
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Term
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Definition
the middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain between the forebrain and hindbrain.
o General arousal
o Sleep / wake cycles
o Pain perception |
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Term
| Superior colliculi (left and right) |
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Definition
| Visual targeting – saccades (saccadic movements) |
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Definition
(left and right)
o Auditory targeting |
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Term
| Basal forebrain (hypothalamus & thalamus) |
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Definition
| (hypothalamus & thalamus) |
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Term
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Definition
§ Pituitary gland (extension of hypothalamus) >> thyroid, adrenals, bone growth
§ Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), immune system
§ Hunger, thirst, body temperature and induction of fever (pyrogens)
§ Sexual orientation
§ Reward and punishment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
o Limbic system – complex reaction patterns (“4 F’s”)
o Basal ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
background postural (axial) movements
§ smooth pursuit eye movements
§ regulation of foreground/ background thinking (disrupted in OCD) |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous System w/ branches |
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Definition
| section of the nervous system that controls the functioning of the internal organs, such as the heart. |
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Term
| Limbic system w/functions- |
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Definition
| A group of interconnected structures of the brain including the hypothalamus, amydala, and hippocampus that are located beneath the cortex, are common to all mammals, and are associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure, memory, motivation, and various autonomic functions. |
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Term
| Reticular Formation w/functions- |
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Definition
| a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli.It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism's immediate response to a change in its environment, when that change is not sudden enough to elicit the startle reflex. |
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Term
| Protective & pathological reflexes- |
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Definition
| Other examples of protective reflexes are blinking when something flies toward your eyes or raising your arm if a ball is thrown your way. |
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Definition
| rapid, automatic, responses to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| quick jump in the focus of the eyes from one point to another |
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Term
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Definition
| large set of axons connecting the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex and thus enabling the two hemispheres to communicate with each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the shape and protuberances of the skull, based on the now discredited belief that they reveal character and mental capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce a unified perception of a single object. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition that affects about 1% of people over the age of 50; the main symptoms are difficulty initiating voluntary movement, tremors, rigidity, and depressed mood. |
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Term
| Effects of prefrontal damage and prefrontal Lobotom |
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Definition
| This is called dynamic aphasia, there is no anomia associated with this type of aphasia and little problem with preserved moter speach. the problem in these people is that their active speach is disturbed severely. They have trouble in forming sentances correctly when speaking verbally. They may have trouble understanding or speaking. They may also end up speaking far more than usual and saying little that would have meaning. Facial movements also occure less often in patients with brain damage.Common effects of frontal lobe damage include difficulty in understanding one's outside environment. This can cause less compliance with rules, slow learning, planning ahead, lack of drive, and risk taking behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Broca’s (language production) area and Wernikes(language comprehension) |
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Term
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Definition
| aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired |
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Term
| fluent (Wernicke's) aphasias |
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Definition
| aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words |
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Term
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Definition
| a neuropsychological condition in which, after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, a deficit in attention to and awareness of one side of space is observed. Hemispatial neglect is very commonly contralateral to the damaged hemisphere, but instances of ipsilesional neglect (on the same side as the lesion) have been reported. |
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Term
| Hemispheric lateralization |
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Definition
| the left and right side of the brain, opposite sides see opposite. |
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Term
| the left and right side of the brain, opposite sides see opposite. |
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Definition
| The newer portion of the cerebral cortex that serves as the center of higher mental functions for humans |
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Term
| Convolutions (wrinkles) in neocortex and explanation |
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Definition
| provides for increased surface area. |
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Term
| Contralateral control w/ rationale |
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Definition
| a pattern in which the left half of the brain controls the right half of the body, and the right half of the brain controls the left half of the body. |
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Term
| Effects of split-brain preparation- |
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Definition
| a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters w/ examples- |
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Definition
| a chemical that activates receptors on other neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the nucleus of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| a single, long think, straight fiber with branches near its tip. |
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Term
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Definition
| widely branching structures that receive input from other neurons. |
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Term
| Axon terminals (terminal buttons) |
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Definition
| bulge at the end of an axon from which the axon releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| the specialized junction between one neuron and another, a neutron releases a chemical that either excites or inhibits the next neuron. Regulate everything your nervous system accomplishes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a branch ending with a little bulge. |
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Term
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Definition
| the neuron on the receiving end of the synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| an electrical polarization across the membrane of an axon |
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Term
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Definition
| an excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it must travel. |
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Term
| Glial cells (glia) and functions |
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Definition
cell of the nervous system that insulates neurons, removes waste materials, and performs other supportive functions.
e.g. insulates neurons, synchronizes activities among neighboring neighbors. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter reuptake |
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Definition
| the return to the postsynaptic receptor, diffusion away from the synapse. Or the reabsorption by the axon that released it. |
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Term
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Definition
| yes-no or on-off message, like a standard light switch. |
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Term
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Definition
| recognize neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| Sub cortical structure deep within the temporal lobe that responds strongly to emotional situations. |
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Term
| Personality changes in TLE |
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Definition
| epilepsy characterized by partial rather than generalized seizures that typically originate in the temporal lobe and are marked by impairment of consciousness, automatisms, unusual changes in behavior, and hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
| “rising”, “soaring”, or spiritual feelings, and even seeing bright white lights. |
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Term
| Major endocrine glands and functions |
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Definition
| The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes. |
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