1. assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

2. in the 1995 bombing of a Oklahoma City federal building, 2 suspects called John Doe 1 and 2 were being searched for. However only 1 was aprehended (Timothy McVeigh) while the other was misattributed by Tom Kessinger a mechanic who misremembered an instance of 2 different van rentings. John Doe 2 didnt exist

1. external info that is associated with stored info and helps bring it to the mind

2. incidents suggest that this info is sometimes unavailable in memory even when it is momentarily inaccessible

1. sleepwalking is more commmon in children, peakin between ages 4-8, with 15%-40% of kids experiencing at least once

2. tends to happen early in the night, usually in slow-wave sleep, they might wake up or return to bed themselves

3. their eyes are usually open in a glassy stare, they dont have their arms out like in cartoons, they ingage in strange behavior like pee in weird places

4. theyre not coordinated and can trip and fall whenever, its safe to wake them up

1. the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

2. our current moods can bias our recalling of past experiences

3.

1. a drug with almost nothing to recommend it to the newcomer, it involves inhailing smoke that smells bad, it causes dizziness and or a queasy feeling

2. causes relaxation and improved concentration

1. the experience of waking up and being unable to move

2. usually happens when you are awakening from REM sleep but before youve regained motor controls, typically lasts a couple of seconds

3. may accopany with hypnopompic(when awakening) or hypnagogic(when falling alseep) hallucinations in which dream content may occur in the waking world

1. difficulty in falling asleep or staying alseep, the most common sleep disorder

2. about 30%-48% of people report symptoms of insomnia, and 6% of people meet criteria for a diagnosis of insomnia

3. there are many causes: working night shifts(self-induced insomnia), in response to depression, anxiety or some other condition(secondary insomnia), or there are no obvious casual factors(primary insomia)

hypnosis and pain reduction

aka hypnotic analgesia

1. the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis

2. one study showed hypnosis was more effective than morphine, diazepam(valium), aspirin, acupuncture or placebo in pain induced volunteers

1. in 1953 a young man known by the initals HM suffered from intracable epilepsy, in a desperate attempt to stop the seizures, HM's doctors removed parts of his temporal lobe including the hippocampus and some surrounding regions

2. after the operation, he could do everything well, but he couldnt form any new memories, his short term memory was fine, but after info left the short term store i was gone forever

1. holds nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute, about 15 to 20 seconds

2. in one study people were given short strings to rememeber like DMX and then count from 100 by 3 for varying amounts of time

3. the study showed that 80% rememebered their string after 3 seconds but only 20% after 20 seconds

1. the tendency for larger drug doses to be required over time to aciheve the same effect

2. with increased tolerance comes the danger over overdose, recreational users find they need more and more of a drug to produce the same high

1. a fast decaying store of auditory info

2. replaying the last few words of what someone has just said, listening to them echo in your minds ear, is accessing info held in your echoic memory store 

1. a persons subjective experience of the world and the mind

2. cinscious experience is essential to what it means to be human

1. Proactive- a situation where earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later(parking in the same spot everytime and then being confused when you go there and your car is parked somewhere else)

2. Retroactive- situations where later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier(forgetting what youve done earlier in the week because activities blend together)

1. Frued proposed that dreams are confusing and obscure because the dynamic unconscious creates them precisely to be confusing and obscure

2. Freuds theory claims that dreams represent wishes and some of them are so unacceptable and taboo and anxiety producing that the mind can only express them in disguised form

1. prevents the lower left frontal lobe from playing its normal role in semantic eoncoding and the result is absent minded forgetting

2. like forgetting where we put our keys or glasses only moments ago

1. thought supression- conscious avoidance of a thought

2. however, thought surpression doenst work well and instead produces a flurry of returns of the unwanted thought

2. rebound effect- the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

1. an enhanced ability to think of stimulus such as a word or oject as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

2. priming the memory system makes some info more accesible (like playing hangman)

amphetamines

aka speed

1. the fundamental difficulty we have in percieving the consciousness of others

2. "How do we know other people are conscious?"

1. the ability to store and retrieve info over time

1. a naturally occuring 24 hour cycle

2. from latin circa (about) and dies (days) 

3. the sequnce of events that occur during a night of sleep is part of one of the major rhythms of human life

1. a failure to retrieve info that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

2. the info has not faded from memory and you arent forgetting to retrieve it, rather you are experiecing a full blown retrieval failure 

long term potentiation

aka LTP

1. a process wherby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communications easier

2. blocking the LTP can make you like HM

long term 

explicit (with conscious recall)

implicit (without conscious recall)

semantic (facts and general knowledge)

eispdoic (personality experience events)

procedural (motor cognititve skills)

priming (enhanced indentification of objects or words)

dynamic unconscious

aka freudian unconscious

1. an active system encompasing a lifetime of hidden memories, the persons deepest instincts and desires, and the persons inner struggle to control these forces

2. repressed thoughts 

1. a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and high level brain activity 

2. during REM sleep, the pulse quickens, blood pressure rises, and there are telltale signs of sexual arousal

THC

aka maryj

1. maryj plants have leaves and buds that contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol or THC

2. described as euphoric as it heightens senses of sight and sound and the perception of a rush of ideas

3. although it affects judgement and short term memory and impares motor skills and coordination 

Consciousness has:

1. intentionality

2. unity

3.selectivity

4. transience

1. where you suddenly feel that you have been in a situation before even though you cant recall the details

2. a product of misattribution

1. result when drug use is discontinued

2. pain, convulsion, hallucination, or other unpleasant symptoms accompany withdrawal (physical dependance)

3. a strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withrawal symptoms are gone (psychological dependence)

1. causes arebound of more REM sleep the next night

2. leaves people feeling tired, fatigued and hypersensititve to muscle and bone pain

1. are substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

2. have seatives or calming effect, tend to induce sleep in high doses and can produce both physical and psychological dependence