Term
| be able to define and provide examples of social norms and social roles |
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Definition
1 rules about how we are supposed to act enforced by threats of punishment if we violate them and promises of reward if we follow them. ex male teacher wearing a dress.
positions that are regulated by norms about how people in those positions should behave ex teacher in a lecture |
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Term
| what is attribution? be able to define what a disposition is. be able to distinguish between situational and dispositional attributions |
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Definition
2 process of assigning causes to behavior we make our behaivor and the behavior of others
da-cause is an internal factor
d- enduring characteristics such as attidues personality traits or abilities that guide a persons behavior
sa-cause is an external factor
situational is the situation and dispositional |
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Term
| be able to define and recognize examples of fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| 3 tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other peoples behavior. ex when someone writes about a topic and your told they didnt decide to be against or for. people tend to think writer actualy believes what they are writing. ex you think someone is a bad teacher rather than having a bad day. self serving bias is the opposite bad teacher had good day |
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Term
| in regards to arsch's conformity study, what was the experimental design (how many people in group, who was acting, order in which opinion was asked) how many people were completely independent in their judgments? |
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Definition
4 conformity def-tendency to
8 confederates 1 real participant
results 75% conformed at least once
on avg subject conformed 37% of the time only 25% remained independant.factors affecting conformity 1 unanimity if all gave wrong answer, more likely 2unanimous perspective. 2 difference in the wrong answer 3i dissenter >less likely to conform 4 more people more likely to a point about 5 or six(very little difference in conformity beyond 3 people) |
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Term
| what is deindividuation? what effext does it frequently have on peoples behavior? |
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Definition
| 5. tendency of people to engage in the uncharacteristic behaivor when they are stripped of their usual identities. if you cant see persons face people will do things they normally wont. |
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Term
| in regards to zimbardos stanford prison experiment what were the results of the psychological screening of the participants before and after the experiment? why wasnt the study just conducted with actual prisoners and guards. |
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Definition
| 6 the study didnt want the gaurds to punish the prisoners for something they actually did. they couldnt control for prison gaurds who might be angry and antisocial who become prison gaurds. already their identity as prisoner and gaurd |
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Term
| how long was the stanford prison experiment supposed to last? howw long did it last? why did the study conclude early? Describe the behaviors of the prisoners and guards changed within a few days |
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Definition
| 7. it was supposed to last 14 days the experiment only lasted 6 days. Zambardo realized the impact he was having on people from his girlfriend who said she didnt want to be associated with him if he doesnt stop. some guards humiliated prisoners more and more. prisoners started breaking down. zimbardo gave ptsd tests to prisoners. only one prisoner said he was permanently damaged. all zimbardo said was keep order in the hall |
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Term
| be able to define group polarization. why might political beliefs become more extreme over time? |
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Definition
| 8 tendency of group discussion to strenghten the dominant positions held by individual group members. ex people at liberal college become liberal. |
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Term
| in regards to milgrams obedience study be able to describe the following roles and responsibilities : teacher, learner, and experimenter. Be able to describe the experimental apparatus (shock machine). of those roles who was acting and whose reactions were genuine? who was actually shocked in the study? how were Teachers recruited for the study? |
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Definition
| 9teacher was supposed to shock the learner to help them learn. Learner is said to be a participant but in reality was recorded on an audio tape. experimenter was in on it too. teachers recuited from flyer and were paid 4 dollars with various occupation. teachers was given a shock to let them know the pain. |
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Term
| milgram surveyed psychiatrists, students, and middle class adults about how they thought the experiment would turn out. be prepared to summarize those results. be prepared to also summarize the actual outcomes of the original studies. for both summaries include how many would actually press the button and how far they would go in administering the "shocks" |
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Definition
| 10 they thought no on would go all the way and only people at risk for being serial killers would go all the way. they predicted 1/1000 would go all the way. 12.5% gave 300 volts. 65% gave 450 shock. |
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Term
| does milgrams obedience study and zimbardos stanford prison experiment argue for situational or dispositional control over behavior? be able to explain your answer. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is diffusion of responsibility? what is justification of effort and how is it related to cognitive dissonance? |
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Definition
12. situation where no one individual is responsible for helping someone in a group. more people less likely you will respond. cognitive dissonance un pleasant mental exierence of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs. people tend to change their belief to keep them consistant. ex doomsday does not happen cult people think the calendar is wrong. j.o.e.- tendency of individuals to increase their likeing for something that they have worked hard or suffered to attain. ex gers had to look like a smuck for a frat so now they love the frat jk.
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Term
| what is cognitive dissonance? what is justification of effort and how is it relatted to cognitive dissonance? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is self perception theory |
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Definition
| 14. idea that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors. |
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Term
| be able to define impression managment theory |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the norm of reciprocity? how does the raffle ticket study illustrate this? |
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Definition
16 the expectaiton that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benifits for benifits and by responding with indifference or hostility to harms ex you scratch my back ill scratch yours. ex people would approach people at airports/train stations give them a fake rose would you donate a dollar to heart christian.
regan study did art appreciation study you looked at painting and then they look at your response. confederate leave(trustee). returns and gives participant a coke (or nothing) asks participant to buy raffle tickets. dependant variable (people who bought coke) spent on a raffle |
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Term
| what is the foot-in-the-door technique? be able to recognize examples of this technique. also be able to explin how the foot in the door technique relates to milgrams obediance research. |
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Definition
| 17 compliance behaivng in a manner consistent with an implied or direct request for a certain form of behaivor while privatly disagreeing. ftd-making a small request before making a big one. it relates in the way that they asked people to participate in a study at yale, and the first 15 voltage. |
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Term
| be able to define door in the face and low ball techniques . for all persuasion techniques, be prepared to recognize different examples |
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Definition
| 18 making an unreasonably large request before making the small request hoping to have granted ex asking for 250 then 20.. lbt-seller of products starts by quoting a low sales prices then mentions all of the add on costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product. ex car sales you think you pay 19000 then you realize thats basic package. ex2 low tuition but lots of fees. |
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Term
| define stereotyoe and prejudice. |
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Definition
19. belief positive or negative about the characterisitcs of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group.
drawing negative conclusions about a person group of people or situation prior to evaluationg the evidense.
central feature is that it remains immune to evidense. |
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Term
| in regards to jane elliots eye color study explain the experimental procedures and the behavior of the children |
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Definition
| 20. she informed her students that children with a certain eye color were superior. the children with the favored eye color became arrogant and condescending while the unfavored eye color children became submissive and insecure.later reversed (children if the other eye color are superiror). |
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Term
| be able to define stereotype threat |
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Definition
| 21. a burden of doubt a person feels about his or her performance due to negative stereotypes about his or her groups abilities. |
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Term
| explain the general procedures for the robbers cave study and the main lesson of this research |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the steps for creating a jigsaw classroom |
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Definition
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