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Definition
| they group objects, events, and characteristicson the basis of common properties |
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| ideas about what categories represent, or said another way, the sort of thing we think category members are |
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Definition
| a visual presentation of a concept's connections and hierarchical organization |
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Definition
| deciding if an item is a member of a category by comparing it with the most typical item(s) of the category |
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Definition
| manipulating and transforming information in memory, which often is done to form concepts, reason, think critically, make decisions, think creatively, and solve problems |
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Definition
| reasoning from the specific to the general |
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Term
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Definition
| a correspondence in some respects between otherwise dissimilar things |
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Definition
| reasoning from the general to specific |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| means being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities and tasks. Mindful students maintain an active awareness of the circumstances in their lives |
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Definition
| evaluating alternatives and making choices among them |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to hold on to a belief in the face of contradictory evidence |
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Definition
| the tendency to have more confidence in judgement and decisions than we should based on probability or past experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to falsely report, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an event |
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Definition
| the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking with the aim of producing one correct answer. This is usually the type of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking with the aim of producing many answers to the same questions. This is characteristic of cretativity |
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Term
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Definition
| finding an appropriate way to attain a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of setting intermediate goals that place students in a better position to reach the final goal or solution |
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Term
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Definition
| strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem |
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Definition
| strategies or rules of thumb that can suggest a solution to a problem but don't ensure that it will work |
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Definition
| a heuristic in which one identifies the goal (end) of a problem, assesses the current situation, and evaluates what needs to be done (means) to decrease the difference between the two conditions |
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Definition
| using a prior strategy and therby failing to examine a problem from a fresh, new perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of fixation in which an indiviidual tries to solve a problem in a particular way that has worked in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| learning that emphasizes authentic problems like tose that occur in daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| students work on real, meaningful problems and create tangible products |
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Term
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Definition
| applying previous experiences and knowledge to learning or problem solfing in a new situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of learning to a situation that is similar to the one in which the initial learning took place |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of learning to a situation that is very different from the one in which the initial learning took place |
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Term
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Definition
| the automatic, often unconscious, transfer of learning to another situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of learning from one situation to another that is conscious and effortful |
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Term
| forward-reaching transfer |
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Definition
| occurs when the individual looks to aply learned information to a future situation |
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Term
| backward-reaching transfer |
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Definition
| occurs when the individual looks back to a previous situation for information to solve a problem in a new context |
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