Types of Psychologists

1. Clinical
2. Counseling
3. School
4. Developmental
5. Experimental
6. Biopsychologist
7. Forensic
8. Industrial-Organization

1. Developmental
2. Experimental
3. Biopsychologist
4. Forensic
5. Industrial-Organization

Biggest field of Psychology

Assesing and treating of pateints

"Genertic Idea of Psychologist"

Biggest of the reseachers.

They Research the Development of the Brain.

Look at psyche in animals & humans.

Academic and research settings.

Work in Jails.

Asses inmates in prisons.

Can affect you getting real help and could not be true.

Media glamorizes Quick Fixes

Treaments to rapidly "cure" psychological ailments

• Media misses critical information which leads to misleading information about treatments.

1. Extraordinary Claims require Extraordinary Evidence
2. Falsifiability
3. Occam's Razor
4. Replicability
5. Ruling out Rival Hypothesis
6. Correlation is not causation

Picking the most simple explanation for the idea.

ex. Crop circles= human creations

Assuming because two things occur at the same time one must cause other.

A->B

B->A

C->AB-Don't account for third variable

Memory executive function planning and organizing words.

Consists:

Motor Cortex- sends signals to muscles

Prefrontal cortex- decision making and emotional control

Perceiving space, object shape, orientation, perception of actions of others and presentations of numbers.

Consists:

Somatosensory Cortex- signals pressure, temperature, vibration, and pain.

Deals with language, hearing, and language comprehension.

Consists:

Auditory Cortex: auditory information

Highly interconnected system it is related to control of emtion and can influence Blood Pressure and respiration.

Contains:

1. Hypothalamus
2. Amygdala
3. Cingulate Cortex
4. Hippocampus

Neurons have long branches, which help them receive and transmit information.

1. Cell Body
2. Dendrites
3. Synapses
4. Axons and Axon Terminals

Terminal point of axon branch, which releases neurotransmitters.

Synaptic Cleft- space between two connecting neurons where neurotransmitters are released

Synaptic Vesicles- spherical sacs containing neurotransmitters

Long extensions specialized for sending messages from one neuron to another. Usually very thin at their site of origin ner the cell body.

Axon Terminal- is knoblike structure at the end of the axon.

Neurotransmitters-chemical messengers specialized for communication and released at the synapse.

*Happens outside of the cell

1. Glutamate
2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)
3. Acetylcholine(ACh)
4. Norepinephrine(NE)
5. Dopamine
6. Serotonin
7. Endorphins
8. Anandamide

Resting Potential- electrical charge difference(-70 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

-Action electrical impulse travel's down axon goes to +40 , non occurs goes right +40 goes all the way down, refactory period when another action period can occur

Action Potential- regenerative electrical impulse that travels down the axon and allows neurons to communicate.

Graded Potential- not as all or none, can give different types of response along with brightness and vision.

Electroencephalography(EEG)

Computed Tomography(CT)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)

Positron emission tomography(PET)

functional MRI(fMRI)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)

Magnetoencephalography(MEG)

The intensity of the reflected light that reaches our eyes.

*When light reaches an object, part of the light gets reflected by the object and part gets absorbed.

Psychologist call the color of light...hue.

There are three primary colors of light:red, green, and blue.

*Mixing all three produces white light.

Rods- relate to low level of lights most active in dim rooms. Are long and narrow, enable us to see basic shapes and forms.

Cones- higher in acuity(sharpness of vision) responsible for color vision, far less numerous than rods.Are shaped like small cones, give us our color vision.

Ganglion Cells- responsible for moving information from the eye into the brain.

Trichromatic Theory- idea that color vision is based on our sensitivity to three different colors(blue, green, and red).

Opponent Process Theory- color vision is a function of complimentary opposing colors.

Color Blindness- inability to see some or all colors.

Blindness- the inability to see, or more specifically, the presence of vision less tha or equal to 20/200 on the Snellen eye test.

Motion Blindness- a serious disorder in which patients can't seamlessly string images processed by their brains into the perception of ongoing motion.

Visual Agnosia- a deficit in perceiving objects.

Place Theory- specific places along the basilar membrane matches a tone with a specific pitch.

Frequency Theory- the rate at which neurons fire action potentials faithfully reproduces the pitch.

Volley Theory- sets of neurons can fire together to increase the rate.

Sense receptors in tongue

Five Basic Tastes

-Sweet

-Salty

-Sour

-Bitter

-Umami

Becomes active when tasting gross foods and facial expressions

Pheromones- odorless hormones that are in animals

Semicircular canals are filled with fluid and half-circular canals, sense equilibrium and help us maintain our balance.

Otoliths- which are tiny crystals, sense linear movement and gravity.