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Definition
| An early French physician who released psychiatric patients from their chains and began treating them humanely. |
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| A school teacher who worked to alert the public to the plight of mental patients. She is credited with founding 32 mental hospitals throughout the US. |
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| Psychodynamic Explanation for abnormal behavior |
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Definition
| The view that abnormal behavior is caused by stress and should be treated with psychotherapy. |
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Definition
| an approach to treatment in which an individual talks to a mental health pro in an attempt to cope with it. |
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| Learning explanation for abnormal behavior |
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Definition
| the view that abnormal behavior is learned and should be treated through extinction or relearning. |
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| treatment that is based on learning and in which the focus is on changing behaviors. |
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| the view that abnormal behavior is caused by incorrect beliefs and should be treated with cognitive therapy |
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Definition
| a patient eliminates incorrect beliefs and this helps to change behaviors |
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| physiological explanation for abnormal behavior |
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Definition
| the view that abnormal behavior is caused by brain issues. |
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Definition
| using drugs to change levels of neurotransmitters to change behaviors |
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Definition
| A group of disorders (phobias, generalized anxiety, panic, posttraumatic stress, and OCD) in which the major symptom is anxiety |
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Definition
| an irrational fear. usually a classically conditioned response to the fear stimulus, but also can stem from incorrect beliefs. |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| a treatment for phobias where the patient is taught to relax in the presence of the "scary" stimulus they usually have a phobic response to. |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder that involves pervasive anxiety that lasts for at least a month and has no particular cost. Caused by excessive activity in the amygdala and low levels of GABA (the neurotransmitter involved with inhibitory neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter that is released by inhibitory neurons, low levels are associated with anxiety |
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Definition
| involves a sudden onset of intense anxiety that only lasts a few minutes. |
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| Respiratory control center |
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Definition
| A cluster of neurons n the brain stem that monitors CO2 levels in the blood and it can send false suffocation alarms that trigger a panic attack. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits activity in the respiratory control center to reduce panics. low levels cause OCD, Depression, and lead to impulsivity. |
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| Posttraumatic stress disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder involving "flashbacks" to a previous high stress event. can be treated with extinction |
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| Exposure with Response Prevention |
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Definition
| A treatment for OCD in which the individual is exposed to the situation that triggers the ritual but they are not allowed to perform the ritual |
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Definition
| disorders in which individuals report symptoms of a physical disorder but a physical cause for the symptoms cannot be found |
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| A somatoform disorder in which individuals have many somatic complaints |
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| A somatoform disorder in which individuals interpret minor symptoms as symptoms of serious disorders |
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Definition
| somatoform disorder in which individuals report pains that have no physiological causes |
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Definition
| A somatoform disorder in which individuals report major symptoms involving motor or sensory functions |
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Definition
| a somatoform disorder in which individuals have too much concern about an imagined body deformity they supposedly have |
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Term
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Definition
| a) incorrect beliefs that stem from suggestion, b) stress that leads to symptoms, c) over sensitivity leads to individuals to misinterpret normal responses as symptoms. |
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Definition
| disorders where an individual separates themselves from periods of time or aspects of their personality that are threatening. |
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Definition
| individuals lose their memory for periods of time in which stressful events occurred |
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Definition
| individuals lose their memory for the entire preceding life, move to a new locale and start over. |
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Term
| Dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| individuals develop 2 or more separate personalities, some might not be aware of others. previously called multiple personality disorder. |
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| Controversy surrounding Diss. Identity disorder |
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Definition
| Psychologists have "suggested" this disorder to patients, meaning it does not stem from "multiple personalities." |
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Term
| depersonalization disorder |
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Definition
| an individual feels detached from their body or mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| involve extremes of mood that range from depression to mania. Depressive and Bipolar are the 2 main disorders |
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| Social support & aerobic exercise |
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Definition
| are both factors that can reduce depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| low levels cause depression |
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Term
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Definition
| controls mood, appetite, sex, and sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| contained in dairy products and turkey, tryptophan is converted into serotonin by the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| plays a role in thinking and depression. |
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Term
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) |
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Definition
| drugs that reduce depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, therefore making more available at the synapse |
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Term
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Definition
| increase production of neurotransmitters and reduce depression |
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Definition
| an herbal remedy that may be effective for treating depression |
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Term
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Definition
| also called "shock therapy", the shocks cause convulsions that may help reduce depression. |
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Term
| Transcranial Magnetic stimulation |
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Definition
| using electromagnets to stimulate neurons in the left frontal lobe to treat depression |
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Term
| Depression with Seasonal Pattern |
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Definition
| depression is stronger in the winter because of reduced light. Previously called Seasonal affective disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to treat depression with seasonal pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| depression occurring in women shortly after they give birth. |
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Definition
| a mood disorder where individuals experience cycles of mania and depression |
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Definition
| used to treat bipolar disorder |
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Definition
| drugs used to treat epilepsy that are also effective for treating Bipolar disorder |
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Definition
| suicides disguised as accidents |
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Definition
| behaviors that appear to be suicidal but are not really supposed to kill the individual |
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| suicide can be caused by: |
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Definition
| 1) depression and hopelessness, 2) social modeling, 3) low levels of serotonin reduce inhibitions. |
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Definition
| a serious disorder involving symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disruptions of thought |
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Term
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Definition
| bizarre beliefs that are held despite evidence to the contrary |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to screen out irrelevant stimuli |
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| inappropriate emotional responses |
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Definition
| depression or mania as a part of schizophrenia |
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| Subtypes of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Disorganized (classic), Catatonic, Paranoid, Residual, Undifferentiated |
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Term
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Definition
| Hallucinations, delusions, disrupted thoughts caused by high levels of dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms such as apathy and poverty of thought, caused by low levels of activity in the brain due to deterioration of structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact that persons with schizophrenia are more likely to be born in Jan, Feb, or Mar right after Flu season. |
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Definition
| Drugs used to treat Schizophrenia (they fit into dopamine receptors, treating positive symptoms) |
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Definition
| A side effect of some neuroleptics, involuntary motor movements |
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Definition
| newer drugs that are more effective and cause less side effects |
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Definition
| A treatment for schizophrenia where the patient and his or her family is educated about the disorder and how to cope. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals are given rewards for normal behaviors and the rewards are withdrawn when symptoms are present |
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Definition
| A disorder in which the symptoms revolve around the inability to maintain attention and or excessive physical activity. Caused by low levels of activity that usually inhibits shifts in attention |
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Definition
| apparent shortly after birth and results in problems with social interactions, communication, and repetitive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| fall somewhere between normal adjustment and serious disorders such as schizophrenia |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| revolves around lack of anxiety that would normally inhibit inappropriate behaviors |
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| Treatment of Antisocial Personality |
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Definition
| Low levels of serotonin cause, so antidepressants can help. |
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Term
| Incompetence to Stand Trial |
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Definition
| A judgment that is used to postpone a trial if an individual cannot understand the charges or participate in his or her defense |
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Definition
| A legal judgment in which it is decided that an individual is not responsible for his/her illegal acts |
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Definition
| A man who in 1843 murdered another man but was found not guilty by reason of insanity |
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Definition
| A rule for deciding insanity; based primarily on the knowledge of right versus wrong. |
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| irresistible impulse (or the Elbow Rule) |
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Definition
| A rule that is sometimes used to determine insanity; applied when an individual could not control his or her behavior because of emotions |
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| American Law Institute Rule |
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Definition
| another rule for deciding insanity; included in the justification is the presence of a mental disease or defect. |
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Definition
| a legal ruling that an individual who committed a criminal act is mentally ill and therefore should be treated but is also guilty so should be punished. |
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Definition
| A procedure in which an individual agrees to be committed to a mental hospital but can later request a release. |
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Definition
| a procedure in which an individual is committed to a mental hospital against his/her will because that person is a threat to himself or others. |
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Definition
| a movement to discharge mental patients from hospitals and treat them in a community setting. |
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Definition
| a clinic usually in a hospital where patients can walk in for treatment during the day |
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| community mental health centers |
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Definition
| conveniently located mental health clinics in which the focus is on treating individuals while they remain at home and on preventing symptoms from arising |
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Definition
| a residential facility where patients can live for short periods of time while making a transition from hospitalization back to living in the community |
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Definition
| mental hospitals in which one group of patients lives during the day and then goes home at night and another group lives at night and goes home during the day |
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Definition
| places of refuge that are needed when an individual must overcome a crisis |
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Definition
| disorders limited to one culture |
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Term
| Atypical Anti-depressants |
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Definition
| work by raising dopamine levels in the pleasure center to overwhelm depression |
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Term
Hallucinations are triggered by:
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Definition
| High levels of activity in the TEMPORAL lobes! |
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Term
| behaviors are abnormal if... |
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Definition
| they distress, disable, and deviate the individual |
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