Term
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Definition
| is a combination of general abilities and practical skills, also is the ability to learn from experiences, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a test that is adaptive you ask questions to a person of a lower level and keep asking until they get one wrong. |
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Term
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Definition
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
or children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC generates an IQ score. |
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Term
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Definition
A revised edition of WISC created in 1974
Each successive version has renormed the test to compensate for the Flynn effect, refined questions to make them less biased against minorities and females, and updated materials to make them more useful in the administration of the test. |
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Term
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Definition
The third edition of WISC developed in 1991
Each successive version has renormed the test to compensate for the Flynn effect, refined questions to make them less biased against minorities and females, and updated materials to make them more useful in the administration of the test. |
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Term
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Definition
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
13 subtests, none require writing actual words
Tests ability to see simularities and differences, drawing inferences, working out and applying rules, remembering and manipulating material, constructing shapes, articulating the meaning of words, recalling general knowledge, explaining practical actions in everyday life, working with numbers, attending to details and so forth. |
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Term
| Relationship between IQ tests and intelligence |
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Definition
| tests and intelligence are related by the higher your IQ the better your intelligence is. |
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Term
| Spearman’s psychometric approach and the g factor |
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Definition
| Spearman’s psychometric approach and g factor suggested every task requires a combination of a (g) general ability and (s) skills that are specific to the task. People who do well on one IQ exam will do well on another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid intelligence is the ability to process information (reasoning and applying information). |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| Crystallized intelligence is the accuracy and amount of information available for processing (acquired skills and knowledge). |
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Term
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Definition
Gardner believed that standard intelligence tests fail to measure some important human abilities.
Concluded that there are 8 distinct kinds of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic |
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Term
| Gardner’s theory of Multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| Gardner believed that different cultures regard different abilities as intelligence |
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Term
| Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence is based on analytical, practical, and creative intelligence (identify and define problems and find strategies to solve them, apply and implement these solutions in everyday settings, generate solutions that other people do not). |
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Term
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Definition
| intelligence ability, capacity, skill, or in the case of the EI model, a self perceived ability, to identify, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and groups |
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Term
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Definition
people with larger brains do tend to be slightly more intelligent than people with smaller brains.
Different parts of the brain thicken during maturation. The rate at which each cortex thickens correlates to intelligence.
Slower=cmarter |
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Term
| How do heredity and environment affect IQ scores? (studies with identical twins and fraternal twins) |
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Definition
| Heredity and environments effect on IQ test. People have two opinions on heredity some think that genes of intelligence are passed some think they are not. Identical twins score very similar on tests fraternal twins score a little bit different. People who share all the genes are similar in intelligence. Raised in the same household (shared environment) score similar, raised different household (non-shared environment) are less likely to score similar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women and Men score higher based on the type of test given. |
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Term
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Definition
| score higher than whites who score higher than Latinos who outscore blacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The question of bias, even when a test is unbiased when African Americans have to put their ethnicity on the top they become anxious because of stereotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the average intelligence test score has been rising by about 0.3% every year, which is to say that the average person today scores about 15 IQ points higher than the average person did 50 years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
| Validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct. For example, a depression scale may lack content validity if it only assesses the affective dimension of depression but fails to take into account the behavioral dimension. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to whether a scale measures or correlates with the theorized psychological construct (e.g., "fluid intelligence") that it purports to measure. |
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Term
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Definition
the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure.
For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings. Such a cognitive test would have predictive validity if the observed correlation were statistically significant. |
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Term
| Standardization of IQ tests |
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Definition
| process of establishing rules for administering a test and for interpretating score |
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Term
| Distribution of IQ scores |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repeatability of its scores |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. |
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Term
| The difference between what people are like and why people are the way they are. |
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Definition
| What people are like are things like honesty, anxiousness, or moodiness. While why people are the way they are because prior events could have shaped an individual’s personality or anticipated events that might motivate the person to reveal particular personality characteristics. The consideration of anticipated events emphasize the person’s own perspective and often seems intimate and personal in its reflection of the person’s inner life- hopes, fears, and aspirations. |
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Term
| Describe self-report measures of personality & projective measures of personality. |
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Definition
| Self Report- A series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state (MMPI). MMPI a test where they ask like 500 questions very reliable and they can tell when someone is lying. |
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Term
| What is the trait approach to studying personality? |
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Definition
| A trait is a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way. A trait can be explained in two ways one the trait may be preexisting disposition of the person that causes the person’s behavior, or it may be a motivation that guides the person’s behavior. |
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Term
| Describe and give examples for each of the Big Five personality dimensions. |
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Definition
Conscientiousness (Organized..Disorganized, Careful..Careless, Self-disciplined..Weak-willed)
Agreeableness (Softhearted..Ruthless, Trusting..Suspicious, helpful..Uncooperative)
Neuroticism (Worried..Calm, Insecure..Secure, Self-pitying..Self-satisfied)
Openness to experience (Imaginative..Down-to-earth, Variety..Routine, Independent..Conforming)
Extraversion (Social..Retiring, Fun loving..Sober, Affectionate..Reserved) |
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Term
| Explain the heritability of personality traits |
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Definition
| The heritability of personality traits for the big five range from 38% to 49 %. In identical twins their traits are more similar then they are in fraternal twins. I would have to say personality is somewhat inherited but mostly is not. |
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Term
| Compare the behavioral activation system and the behavioral inhibition system. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What we are not easily aware of but can be quickly reminded (You’re not thinking about a song but someone says hum that song and you quickly remember the tune. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reservoir of thoughts, feelings of unthinkable things. |
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Term
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Definition
| All biological drives that demand immediate gratification (pleasure principle). |
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Term
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Definition
| The rational, negotiating, and decision making component (Executive part/reality principle). |
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Term
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Definition
| The internalized values and rules (Standards for judgment). |
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Term
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Definition
| The pleasure principle is the psychic force that motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification |
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Term
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Definition
| the reality principle is a regulating mechanism that enables the individual to delay gratifying immediate needs and function effectively in the real world. |
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Term
| Describe and give examples for the seven defense mechanisms. |
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Definition
Denial- Denying things that are negative in your life (When you do well on an exam you take credit but if you do bad the teacher is a bad teacher or the test is unfair).
Repression- Is removing painful experiences and unacceptable impulses from the mind (When you were a kid forgetting about being sexually abused).
Projection- When you take your own threatening feelings out on another person or group (You have a bad day at work you come home and yell at your kid or kick the dog).
Reaction Formation- Unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite (Being nice to someone you really dislike).
Rationalization- Supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal one’s underlying motives or feelings (dropping a class because you failed a test and you use an excuse like poor ventilation and couldn’t concentrate).
Displacement- shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less-threatening alternative (slammed door or thrown a textbook across the room for being angry).
Regression- Apparent return to a more juvenile way of behaving often because you felt safe as a child (sucking your thumb or curling up in a ball). |
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Term
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Definition
| the human motive toward realizing our inner potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| highest need is to become self-actualized (hierarchy of needs). The pyramid has five levels psychological, security, social, esteem, and then self-actualization. |
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Term
| Unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| An attitude of nonjudgmental acceptance toward another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of control that a person perceives they have over the course of life events. Some people believe they can’t control their life and fate has already decided their outcomes (external in the environment). Others believe they control their own life in the fullest (Internal to the self). |
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Term
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Definition
| A story that we tell about ourselves- can be brief or very lengthy (reflect their fantasies and thoughts about core motives and approaches to existence). |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits people use to define themselves, emphasizing that they draw information about the self into a coherent scheme. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept, we find it disconcerting if someone else sees us quite differently from the way we see ourselves. |
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Term
| Give examples of sources of self-esteem. |
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Definition
| Examples of sources of self-esteem include being accepted and valued by significant others. Winning a silver medal could make your self-esteem rise or fall based on how you see yourself and your goals. |
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Term
| What is the difference between self-esteem and self-concept? |
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Definition
| The difference between self-esteem and self-concept are that esteem is the extent at which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self whereas concept is a person’s explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics. |
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Term
| What is the self-serving bias? |
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Definition
| Self-Serving Bias- people’s tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures. |
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Term
| How does self-serving bias relate to narcissism? |
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Definition
| It relates to narcissism because narcissism is when you seek admiration and exploit others. Both are bad traits to have and you only look at the good and not the bad in oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
| A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that stimuli trigger activity in the ANS, which is turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that stimuli trigger activity in the ANS, which is turn produces an emotional experience in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the ANS and emotional experience in the brain |
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Term
| Schachter and Singer a.k.a. Two-Factor Theory |
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Definition
a theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal
Cognitive judgments are critical part of emotional experience
Emotion involves the interpretation of physiological response and the stimulus/situation
Stimulus ->arousal and physiological changes -> interpretation of the physiological changes->emotion
->Perceived emotion depended on knowledge… |
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Term
| is relationship between arousal and performance? |
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Definition
| o An emotion map would reveal that emotional experiences differ on two dimensions that are called valence (how positive of negative the experience is) and arousal (how active or passive the experience is) |
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Term
| the role of the autonomic nervous system during emotional arousal. |
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Definition
| o ANS is involved in emotional arousal because the ANS changes physiological factors like heart rate respiration and blushing that change without conscious thought to do so. |
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Term
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Definition
| The frontal lobe of a monkey’s brain was removed and the monkey would eat just about anything and have sex with just about anyone of anything- they couldn’t distinguish between good and bad food or good and bad mates. However the syndrome is caused by damaged limbic system (including amygdala and nucleus accumbens) |
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Term
| What are the neural structures involved with the emotional brain? |
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Definition
| o Limbic system, primarily the amygdala, is used in the experience of emotion especially pleasure. The amygdala “flags” experiences and stimuli |
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Term
| What are the fast and slow pathways of fear? |
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Definition
| Information about a stimulus takes two routes: fast which goes from the thalamus directly to the amygdala; slow goes from the thalamus to the cortex and then to the amygdala |
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Term
| Fear and Anxiety: lie detection: |
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Definition
morphology: certain facial muscles tend to resist conscious control and for a trained observer do these reliable muscles reveal that
symmetry: sincere expressions are more symmetrical than insincere
duration: sincere expressions tend to last btwn .5 sec and 5 seconds
Temporal patterning: sincere expressions appear and disappear smoothly over a few seconds |
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Term
| Fear and Anxiety: Physiological effects |
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Definition
| liars speak slower, take longer to respond and respond in less detail than do those who are telling the truth |
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Term
| What are the basic emotions? |
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Definition
| Fear, Disgust, Anger, Happiness, Sadness |
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Term
| Define the facial feedback hypothesis: |
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Definition
| emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the purpose for or cause of an action and it is no coincidence that the words emotion and motivation share a common linguistic root that means “move” |
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Term
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Definition
| an inherited tendency to seek a particular goal an instinct, which he defined as “the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, and without previous education in the performance” |
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Term
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Definition
| To survive and organism needs to maintain precise levels of nutrition, warmth, and so on, and when these levels depart from an optimal point, the organism receives a signal to take corrective action, the signal is called a drive, which is an internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality |
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Term
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| created a pyramid with five levels the first level being the strongest need that needed to be achieved. The first level was physiological needs(hunger, thirst, exhaustion), and then safety and security needs, then belongingness and love needs, then esteem needs, and finally the top of the pyramid was need for self-actualization which few ever reach (mother Teresa and Gandhi) |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur when the stomach has been empty for several hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the food we eat gets converted to glucose and when those levels are to low signals get sent out that say we need to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| there are two hunger hormones leptin and ghrelin, leptin decrease the appetite and ghrelin increase your appetite, leptin helps regulate ghrelin and is key in energy balance in the body, the more fat you have the more leptin you have |
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Term
| Role of hypothalamus (lateral vs. ventromedial) |
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Definition
The lateral hypothalamus receives orexigenic signals, and when it is destroyed, animals sitting in a cage full of food will starve themselves to death (stimulates eating)
The ventromedial hypothalamus receives anorexigenic signals, and when it is destroyed, animals will gorge themselves to the point of illness and obesity, causes insulin levels to increase that’s why they eat so much (restricts eating) |
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Term
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Definition
| A control system in every person that tells them how much fat he or she should carry, its different in every individual, body fat percentages and weight are internal matters, developed in 1982 by Bennett and Gurin, the set point is when the persons weight is optimal for efficient and stable use |
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Term
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Definition
| is the amount of energy expended while at rest, in neutrally temperate environment, while your digestive system is in active, which requires 12 hours of fasting within humans |
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Term
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Definition
| is a disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake |
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Term
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Definition
| is a disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging |
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Term
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Definition
| You don’t like food because it made you sick or you puked |
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Term
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Definition
| Food that you like to eat you have a preference for |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the five main sense, allows you to detect flavors in food, minerals and certain poisons |
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Term
| What hormone regulates sex drive? |
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Definition
| The hormone Dihydroepiandosterone (DHEA) is involved in the initial onset of sexual desire. Testosterone regulates sexual drive in males and estrogen regulates sexual drive in females. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conducted groundbreaking studies in which they measured the physical responses of many volunteers as they masturbated or had sex in their lab. This led to a better understanding of the human sexual response cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle tension and blood flow increase in and around the sexual organs, heart and respiration rates increase, and blood pressure rises. Both men and women may experience erect nipples and a “sex flash” on the skin of the upper body and face. A man’s penis typically becomes erect or partially erect and his testicles draw upward, while a women’s vagina typically becomes lubricated and her clitoris becomes swollen |
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Term
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Definition
| heart rate and muscle tension increases further. A man’s urinary bladder closes to prevent urine from mixing with semen, and muscles at the base of his penis begin a steady rhythmic contraction. A man’s Cowper gland may secrete a small amount of lubricating fluid (which often contains enough sperm to cause pregnancy). A woman’s clitoris may withdraw slightly and her vagina may become more lubricated. Her outer vagina may swell and her muscles may tighten and reduce the diameter of the opening of the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| breathing becomes extremely rapid and the pelvic muscles begin a series of rhythmic contractions. Both men and women experience quick cycles of muscle contraction of the anus and lower pelvic muscles, and women oftern experience uterine and vaginal contractions as well. During this phase men ejaculate about 2 to 5 millilitres of semen (depending on how long it has been since their last orgasm and how long they were aroused prior to ejaculation). 95% of heterosexual men and 69% of heterosexual women reported having an orgasm during their last sexual encounter though it is worth noting that 15% of women never experience orgasm, less than half experience orgasm from intercourse alone and roughly half report having “faked” an orgasm atleast once. The frequency with which women have orgasms seems to have a relatively large genetic component. When men and women do have orgasms, they typically experience them as intensely pleasurable experiences are different for men and for women, studies suggest that they are similar. Indeed when gynecologists, psychologists and medical students read people’s descriptions were written by men or by women |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles relax, blood pressure drops and the body returns to its resting state. Most men and women experience refractory period, during which further stimulation does not produce excitement. This period may last from minutes to days and is typically longer for men than women |
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Term
| Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation |
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Definition
| An intinsic motivation is when you take actions that are themselves rewarding. When we eat a French fry because it tastes good. When we exercise because it feels good. An extrinsic motivation is a motivation to take actions that lead to reward. When we floss our teeth so we can avoid gum disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfication of performing a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The motivation to solve worthwhile problems |
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Term
| Approach vs avoidance motivation |
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Definition
| Approach motivation is a motivation to experience positive outcomes. Avoidance motivation is a motivation not to experience negative outcomes. |
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Term
| projective measures of personality: |
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Definition
| a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual’s personality |
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Term
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Definition
| a projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent’s inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure |
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Term
| Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI): |
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Definition
| a well-researched clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems |
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Term
| What does a developmental psychologist study? |
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Definition
| Studies the continuity and change throughout life cylces |
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Term
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Definition
| a single cell that contains chromosomes from both sperm and an egg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 9-birth; has skeleton and muscle that make it capable of movement |
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Term
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Definition
agents that damage the process of development
Viral, drugs/substance abuse, tobacco, inadequate nutrition
can affect development during each of these stages. |
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Term
| Describe some abilities of the newborn, and explain how researchers use habituation to assess infant sensory and cognitive abilities. |
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Definition
Reflexes: sucking, stepping, grasping
Vision: “legally blind”, 4-5 months color discriminate
Hearing: for young infants to hear a noise: 10-20dB louder for adults
Smell & taste: discriminate among sweet, sour and bitter
Touch: more full developed than others |
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Term
| Describe some developmental changes in a child’s brain |
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Definition
Differentiation; cells develop into distinctive neuron types
Maturation: orderly sequence of biological growth processes
Cephalocaudal, proximodistal
Orients>> grasps>> pincer grasp
Takes awhile for babies to learn to walk because rhythmic muscle contraction in legs needs to sustain balance and control |
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Term
| Outline motor development sequence from birth to toddlerhood, and evaluate the effects of maturation and experience on that sequence. |
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Definition
| Lift head> chest arm support> Rolls over> some leg weight bearing> Sits without support> Stands holding on> pulls self to stand> walks holding on to furniture> stands well alone> walks well alone> walks up steps |
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Term
| Outline Piaget’s 1st main stage of cognitive development, and comment on how children’s thinking changes during this stage. |
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Definition
Stage 1: Sensorimotor (birth- 2 yrs): infant experiences world through movement and senses, develops schemas, being the act intentionally, and shows evidence of understanding object permanence.
-Schema- theories about or models of the way the world works
-Assimilation: applying their schemas in novel situations
-Accomodation: infants revise their schemas in light of new experiences
-Object Permanence: the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible |
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Term
| Outline Piaget’s 2nd main stage of cognitive development, and comment on how children’s thinking changes during this stage |
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Definition
| Stage 2: Preoperational (2-6 years): child acquires motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties. Child begins this stage by thinking egocentrically but end with a basic understanding of other minds |
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Term
| Outline Piaget’s 3rd main stage of cognitive development, and comment on how children’s thinking changes during this stage |
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Definition
Stage 3: Concrete operational (6-11 years): Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conservation of physical properties
-Conservation: The notion that the quantities properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance (i.e. water cups)
-Egocentrism: The failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers.
-Theory of mind: The idea that human behavior is guided by mental representation, which gives rise to the realization that the world is not always the way it looks and that different people see it differently. |
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Term
| Outline Piaget’s 4th main stage of cognitive development, and comment on how children’s thinking changes during this stage |
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Definition
| Stage 4: Formal operational (11 years and up): Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypothetical |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of strangers by infants starting around 8 months old |
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Term
| Discuss the effects of nourishment, body contact, and familiarity on infant social attachment. |
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Definition
| Remember: Harlow’s monkeys preferred the comfort and warmth of a terry-cloth mother to the wire mother even the the wire mother was associated with food. |
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Term
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Definition
-Secure: if distressed with caregiver leaves the room they go to her promptly when she returns and are quickly calmed by her proximity. If not distressed will acknowledge return with glance or greeting. View cargiver as “secure base”. ~60%
-Avoidant: generally not distressed when c.g. leaves and do not acknowledge return. ~ 20%
-Ambivalent: almost always distressed when c.g. leaves, go to her promptly when returns. But the rebuff their c.g.’s attempts to calm with squirming and arching back. ~ 15%
-Disorganized: show no consistent pattern of responses. Responses are often contradictory. |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of own identity and personal worth. |
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Term
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Definition
when recognize self in mirror
o Starts to emerge at about 6 months and is understood by 18 months with an idea of their own face
o Rouge Test: dot on forehead, do they notice it in the mirror? |
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Term
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Definition
| The period of development that beings with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 years of age) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 years of age) |
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Term
| Identify the major physical changes during adolescence. |
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Definition
o Puberty-bodily changes associated with sexual maturity
Girls have earlier pubertal growth spurt
Boys keep growing and become taller than girls after age 14 |
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Term
| Primary sex characteristics: |
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Definition
| Bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction (i.e. menstruation in girls and the ability to ejaculate in men) |
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Term
| Secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| Bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction (i.e enlargement of breasts and widening of hips, pubic hair, lowering of voice and facial hair). |
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Term
Kohlberg’s
Pre-conventional Morality |
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Definition
| -(first level) based on fear of punishment or desire for reward; A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences |
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Term
| Kohlberg's Conventional Morality |
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Definition
| (second level) based on opinions of others or formal laws; A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules |
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Term
| Post-conventional Morality |
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Definition
| (third level) based on abstract principle underlying right and wrong; A stage of moral development at which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles tat reflect core values |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 1st stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage 1: Oral-sesory
Age:birth to 12-18 m
Crisis: Trust vs. mistrust Key Event:Feeding
Positive Resolution: Child develops a belief that the environment can be counted on to meet his or her basic physiological and social needs |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 2nd stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: Muscular-anal
Age: 18 m to 3 years
Crisis: Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Key Event: Toilet training
Positive Resolution: Child learn what he/she can control and develops a sense of free will and corresponding sense of regret and sorrow for inappropriate use of self-control |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 3rd stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: locomotor
Age: 3-6 years
Crisis: Initiative vs. guilt
Key Event: Independence
Positive Resolution: Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine and to feel remorse for actions |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 4th stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: latency
Age: 6-12 years
Crisis: Industry vs. inderiority
Positive Resolution: Child learns to do things well or correctly in comparison to a standard or to others |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 5th stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: adolescence
Age: 12-18
Crisis: Identity vs. role confusion
Key Event: Peer relationships
Positive Resolution: Adolescent develops a sense of self in relationship to others and to own internal thoughts and desires |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 6th stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: young adulthood
Age: 19-40
Crisis: Intimacy vs isolation
Key Events: Love relationship
Positive Resolution: Person develops the ability to give and receive love; begins to make long-term commitment to relationships |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: Middle adulthood
Age: 40-65
Crisis: Generativity vs stagnation
Key Event: Parenting
Positive Resolution: Person develops interest in guiding the development of the next generation |
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Term
| Identify Erikson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development and its accompanying issues. |
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Definition
Stage: maturity
Age: 65-death
Crisis: Ego integrity vs. despair
Key Event: Reflection on and acceptance of one’s life
Positive Resolution: Person develops a sense of acceptance of life as it was lived and the importance of the people and relationship that individual developed over the life span |
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Term
| What role do genes play in homosexuality? |
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Definition
Little evidence to environmental influences
Simon LeVay- INAH3 of anterior hypothalamus is larger in straight men than in gay men or women. |
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