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Definition
(Pavlov and Watson) (Skinner's emphasis)
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Definition
that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. (rewards and punsihments) |
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positive reinforcement negative reinforcement |
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Definition
behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occuring in the future a behavior that reduces an aversive stimulus also results in an increased probability of that behavior occuring in the future |
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| schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
- continuous reinforcement
- fixed ratio (every x times)
- fixed interval (every x minutes)
- variable ratio
- variable interval
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| learned responses are lost by... |
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Definition
simple forgetting interference of preceding/subsequent learning extinction punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior no longer reinforced, a decreased probability of that begavior occuring in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior followed by an aversive stimulus of the removal of a positive one can result in a decreased probability of the behavior occuring in the future |
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| 3 forces that explain human behavior |
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Definition
- natural selection
- cultural evolution
- individual reinforcement history
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Definition
attachment process comfort foods physiological processes phobias |
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Definition
| parent-child interaction, behavior in workplace, etc |
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Definition
| belief about one's ability to perform a particular behavior |
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Term
| Kelly's Personal Construct Theory |
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Definition
| a person’s processes are psychologically channelized by the ways in which he anticipates events |
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| Kelly's Commonality Corollary |
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Definition
| If two people have similar construct systems, they will be psychologically similar |
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Term
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Definition
| not being able to understand and predict life's events |
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Term
Albert Bandura supported... _______ learning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| belief that you have the ability to execute a course of action to achieve a goal. |
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Term
| According to Eysenck introverts have _______(more/less) cortical arousal in everyday encounters, than extroverts. |
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Definition
introverts are MORE aroused. Extroverts are less aroused on a daily basis, therefore they seek out socially stimluating activities (more sensitive to things on an everyday basis, their baseline arousal is higher than extroverts) |
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Term
| We've moved away from Eysenck's views recently because.... |
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Definition
We can't describe personality with just 3 factors (PEN) not much support for his studies impulsivity is a factor for describing biologically based individual differences, rather than just Extroversion and Neuroticism |
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Term
temperament (defined by Kagan) |
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Definition
temperament refers to stable behavioral and emotional reactions that appear early and are influenced in part by genetic constitution |
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Term
two behavioral profiles in temperament (as defined by Kagan) |
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Definition
inhibited - reacts to unfamiliarity with restraint, avoidance, distress
- takes longer to relax
- more unusual fears, phobias
uninhibited - is not stressed by unfamiliar situations, as much as inhibited child
- responds with spontaneity, laughter, and smiles
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Term
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Definition
area of the brain associated with fear response part of the primitive limbic system important for aversive emotiional learning |
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Term
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Definition
| invovled in regulating emotional response, by influencing the funtioning of the amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
Rewards work better to activate behavior Gray's (Behavioral Activation System) |
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Definition
punishments work better inhibits bad behavior Gray's (Behavioral Inhibition System) |
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Term
| which hemisphere shows to be more associated with introverts? |
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Definition
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Term
| hemispheric lateralization |
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Definition
dominance of the right frontal hemisphere associated with activation of negative emotions and personality traits of shyness and inhibition; dominance of the left frontal frontal hemisphere assciated with the activation of positive emotion and personality traits of boldness and disinhibition |
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Term
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Definition
a neurotransmitter associated with reward, reinforcement, pleasure high levels: positive emotions, high energy, disinhibition, and impulsivity low levls: lethargy, anxiety, and constriction drugs can alter this |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitter involved in mood, irritability, and impulsivity. Low serotonin levels: associated with depression but also with violence and impulsivity. SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-Zoloft, prozac, paxil- used to treat depression as well as phobias and obsessive compulsive disorders |
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Definition
stress-related hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that facilitates reactions to threat. stress-fighting, antiinflammatory hormone |
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Definition
| a hormone important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and also associated with dominance, competitiveness, and aggression |
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Definition
| ability of parts of the neurobiological system to change, temporarily and for extended periods of time, within limits set by genes, to meet current adaptive demands, and as a result of experience |
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