Term
| How old is the field of psychology? |
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Definition
| Psychology has its roots in philosophy, which has existed for 2,000 years. |
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Term
| What is the definition of psychology? |
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Definition
| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
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Term
| What is included in this definition besides overt behavior? |
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Definition
Mental processes:
-Thoughts (beliefs and attitudes) and feelings (anger, jealousy, etc.)
Scientific |
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Term
| What do we mean by "scientific" study? |
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Definition
| Psychologists use objective, standardized methods to collect data. |
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Term
| What was Wundt's contribution to psychology? |
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Definition
| Wilhelm Wundt is generally credited with the official emergence of psychology. Taught first course in physiological psychology at Univ. of Heidelberg in 1867. |
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Term
| Can you define structuralism? Who developed it and when? |
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Definition
| Structuralism is the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind. Wundt developed it between 1860-1870 while teaching at Univ. of Heidelberg |
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Term
| What is functionalism and how does it differ from structuralism? |
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Definition
| Functionalism is the study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment. Functionalists view consciousness more as a flowing stream than a bundle of separate elements. |
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Term
| Who was the person most closely associated with functionalism? |
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Definition
| William James developed the functionalist theory and outlined its principles in his masterpiece The Principles of Psychology. |
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Term
| What was Margaret Floy Washburn's major professional accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Washburn was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology. |
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Term
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Definition
Views behavior from perspective of biological functioning
-Includes genes, brain chemistry |
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Term
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Definition
| Explains behavior in terms of how people process, store, and retrieve information they gather from the world around them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes behavior as function of learning and conditioning, involving rewards and punishments. |
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Term
| Psychodynamic Perspective |
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Definition
| Believes behavior is caused by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sees behavior as a result of a person's natural attempt to reach their full potential |
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Term
| What is the difference between basic and applied research? |
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Definition
| Basic research is done out of curiosity, its goal being to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake. Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory is a hypothetical account of how and why a phenomenon occurs, usually in the form of a statement about the causal relationship between two or more properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypothesis is a specific and testable prediction that is usually derived from a theory. |
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Term
| What is operationalization? |
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Definition
| The process of translating abstract or hypothetical variables into observable ones. |
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Term
| What is the goal of experimental research? |
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Definition
| To make a causal relationship about the effects of X on Y. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variable manipulated by the experimenter to see its effect on another variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variable measured by the experimenter to see the effect of the independent variable. |
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Term
| What is meant by experimental control? |
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Definition
| Attempts to predict events that will occur in the experimental setting by neutralizing the effects of other factors. |
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Term
| Why is it important to randomly assign participants to groups? |
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Definition
| So there is no bias and all the data is able to be used from the experiment. |
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Term
| What are the major strengths of doing experimental research? |
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Definition
| The strengths are that we have a lot of control over the four main things. |
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