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Psych Chapter 1
types of psychology and experiments
47
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/08/2013

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Term
Psychology
Definition
scientific study of human behavior and the mind
Term
Psychodynamic perspective
Definition
explain behavior as based on unconscious causes
1.childhood influences
Term
Behavioral perspective
Definition
what is observable or external stimuli and the behaviors it causes
Term
Cognitive perspective
Definition
1. mental processes
2. thought
3. memory
4. learning
Term
Sociocultural perspective
Definition
behavior because of culture and peer pressure
Term
Biological perspective
Definition
behavior is based on physiological causes
Term
Evolutionary perspective
Definition
genetics control behavior
Term
Humanistic perspective
Definition
1. free will
-no one to blame but yourself
Term
Developmental
Definition
how people change with age
Term
Organizational
Definition
applied to the work place
Term
Personality
Definition
traits, patterns and deviations
Term
Health
Definition
mental stress affects physical
Term
Experimental
Definition
laboratory research
Term
applied research
Definition
used to solve a specific problem
Term
pure or basic research
Definition
just experiment for the sake of researching. can be later applied
Term
Clinical psychologist
Definition
treats severe cases
Term
Psychiatrist
Definition
trained in analysis has an MD
Term
Psychotherapist
Definition
trained in multiple forms of therapy
Term
Counseling psychologist
Definition
less severe cases
Term
Theory
Definition
1. organize data
2. explain behavior
3. predict behavior
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
prediction that can be tested
Term
Operational definition
Definition
clearly defines terms, processes and measures
-not many standard tools of measurement
Term
Generalization
Definition
Apply research to people that weren't studied
Term
Representation
Definition
participants reflect the population
Term
Random sample
Definition
Randomly choose participants
-pick names out of a hat
Term
Volunteer Bias
Definition
Volunteers are different from non-volunteers
Term
Why not volunteer?
Definition
1. shy
2. too busy
3. not interested
Term
Case study
Definition
study one or two people for a long period of time
1. very detailed data
Term
Survey study
Definition
Standard set of ?s
-used for things that can't be observed in nature such as opinions
Term
Natural Observation
Definition
Observe people but can't interfere
-no control
Term
Laboratory observation
Definition
set up situation like real life but safer
ex. baby on a fake ledge to test when depth develops rather than them falling off a chair or couch
Term
Cross-sectional
Definition
one time study done on different groups
Term
Longitudal
Definition
study the same group at different ages
Term
Independent variable
Definition
what you manipulate
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
changes because of the independent variable
Term
Experimental group
Definition
given independent variable
Term
Control group
Definition
same conditions as experimental group without the independent variable
Term
Quasi-experimental
Definition
study two pre-existing groups
- all volunteers, experimenter has no control
Term
Positive correlation
Definition
variables move in the same direction
Term
Negative correlation
Definition
variables move in the opposite direction
Term
correlation
Definition
shows the relationship between two variables
Term
Blind design
Definition
participant does not know what group they are in
Term
double blind design
Definition
participant and observer don't know what group the participant is in.
-used to avoid bias
Term
Placebo
Definition
group that does not receive independent variable
Term
Ethics
Definition
1. no harm
2. confidential
3. volunteers not forced
Term
Informed consent
Definition
given enough information to be able to choose if they want to participate or not
Term
debriefing
Definition
explain after study because revealing the true purpose before hand would have ruined the experiment
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