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Definition
| every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us |
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| the study of the relative power and limits of genetic environental influences on behavior |
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| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes |
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| a complex molecule containing genetic info that make up chromosomes |
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| biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes |
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| complete instructions for maing an organism, consisting of genetic material in its chromosomes |
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| twins who devlop from a fertilized egg split in two |
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| twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs |
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| a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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| the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes |
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| the effect of one factor (environment) depends on another factor (heredity) |
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| subfield of bio that studies the molecular structure and function of genes |
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| the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection |
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| theory that those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely pass down its "strong" genes to succeeding gen. |
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| random error in gene replication that leads to a change |
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| bio and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female |
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| enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one gen. to next |
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| understood rule for accepted and expected behavior |
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| buffer zone we like to have around our bodies |
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| giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes |
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| giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly |
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| physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt someone |
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| sex chromosomes in men and women |
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| sex hormone that stimulate the growth of male sex organs in fetus and dev. of male sex characteristics during puberty |
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Definition
| set of norms about a social position |
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Definition
| set of expected behaviors for males and females |
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| one's sense of being male/female |
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| acquisiton of a traditional masculine/feminine role |
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Definition
| theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded/punished |
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Definition
| theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male/female and adjust behavior accordingly |
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| branch of psych that studies physical, cognitive, and social change thru-out the life span |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilized egg (0-2 weeks) |
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| dev human organism (2 weeks-2nd month) |
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| dev human organism (9 weeks-birth) |
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Definition
| agents, such as chem and viruses, that can reach the embryo/fetus during prenatal dev and cause harm |
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| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| physical/cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman's heavy drinking |
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Definition
| baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open mouth, and search for nipple |
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Definition
| decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation |
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| bio growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
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| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets info |
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| interpreting one's new exp in terms of one's existing schemas |
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| adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new info |
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| all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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Definition
| (Piaget birth-2yrs) stage in which infants know world mostly in terms of sensory impressions and motor activities |
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| awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
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| (Piaget 2-7yrs) stage during which a child learns to use language but doesn't comprehend mental operations of concrete logic |
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Definition
| principle that properties of mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects |
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| pre-op child's difficulty taking another's POV |
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| people's ideas about their own and others' mental states about feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and behavior these might predict |
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| disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind |
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Definition
| (Piaget 7-11yrs) stage during which children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events |
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| (Piaget 11 on) stage during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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| fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beg by 8 months age |
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| emotional tie with another person (young children and caretaker; stress when away) |
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| optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli/experiences produces proper dev |
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| process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life |
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| (Erikson) sense that world is predictable and trustworthy |
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| sense of one's identity and personal worth |
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| transition period from childhood to adulthood |
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| period of sexual maturation |
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| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| body structures that make sex possible |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| nonreproductive sex characteristics |
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Definition
| the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans |
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Definition
| (Erikson) one's sense of self |
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| (Erikson) ability to form close, loving relationships; primary dev task in late adolescence to early adulthood |
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| progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning |
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| study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
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| research in which same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
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Definition
| one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases with age |
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| culturally preferred timing of social events |
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