Term
| Endocrinology is the study of ____ (chemical ____ that travel through the ____ to transmit _____ from one part of the ___ to another) |
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Definition
| Endocrinology is the study of hormones (chemical messengers that travel through the body to transmit info from one part of the body to another) |
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Term
| Behavioral endocrinology: study of the interaction between ___ and ____. (How ___, ___, and ____ affect hormone release) |
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Definition
Behavioral endocrinology: study of the interaction between hormones and behavior. (How stimuli, contexts, and behaviors affect hormone release)
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Term
Intracrine mediation: intracrine substsances regulate ____ events. What are 3 examples? |
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Definition
Intracrine mediation: intracrine substsances regulate intracellular events. 3 examples: 1) 2nd messengers 2) proteins 3) mRNA |
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Term
Autocrine mediation: Autocrine substances "___ ___" to influence which cells? Give one example. |
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Definition
Autocrine mediation: Autocrine substances "feed back" to influence the same cells that secreted them. Example: steroid autoreceptors |
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Term
Paracrine mediation: Paracrine cells secrete ___ that affect ___ cells. Give one example. |
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Definition
Paracrine mediation: Paracrine cells secrete chemicals that affect adjacent cells. Example: neurotransmitters |
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Term
Endocrine mediation: Endocrine cells secrete chemicals into the ____ where they may travel to ___ target cells. Give one example. |
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Definition
Endocrine mediation: Endocrine cells secrete chemicals into the bloodstream where they may travel to distant target cells. Example: hormones |
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Term
Ectocrine mediation: Ectocrine substances are released into the ___ to communicate with others. Give one example. |
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Definition
Ectocrine mediation: Ectocrine substances are released into the environment to communicate with others. Example: pheromones |
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Term
| Who conducted the first formal study of endocrinology and when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Berthold's 1849 experiment demonstrated that a product of the ___ was necessary for a/an ___ ___ to develop into a ______________________________ . |
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Definition
| Berthold's 1849 experiment demonstrated that a product of the testes was necessary for a/an immature chicken to develop into a normal male rooster. |
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Term
Fill in the table: Adult male rooster Capon Mate w/ hens? Fight other roosters? Crow? Size? Plumage? |
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Definition
Fill in the table: Adult male rooster Capon Mate w/ hens? yes does not attempt Fight other roosters? yes not aggressive
Crow? yes no Size? larger than hens smaller in size
Plumage? distinctive N/A |
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Term
In the Berthold experiment: Castration = ? Castration then reimplantation of testis = ? Castration and transplantation of testis = ? |
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Definition
In the Berthold experiment: Castration = caponization Castration then reimplantation of testis = normal male development Castration and transplantation of testis = normal male development |
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Term
Berthold experiment conclusions: 1) Testes can be _________ 2) ______ testes can function and create _____ 3) There are no specific ___ directing testicular fxn |
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Definition
Berthold experiment conclusions: 1) Testes can be transplanted 2) Transplanted testes can function and create sperm 3) There are no specific nerves directing testicular fxn |
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Term
| What did Berthold propose was responsible for the normal development of the birds in the 2nd and 3rd groups? |
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Definition
What did Berthold propose was responsible for the normal development of the birds in the 2nd and 3rd groups? A secretory, blood-borne product of the testes |
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Term
| Hormones are ____ _____ messengers. |
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Definition
| Hormones are organic chemical messengers. |
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Term
Where are hormones produced? Where are they released? What are their targets? |
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Definition
Where are hormones produced? - endocrine glands Where are they released? - into the bloodstream What are their targets? - organs at some distance from the gland's origin |
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Term
| Hormones regulate and control an animal's bodily functions in order to coordinate the animal's ____ and ____. |
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Definition
| Hormones regulate and control an animal's bodily functions in order to coordinate the animal's physiology and behavior. |
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Term
| Since hormones do not cause behavior, what role do they play in the emission of behavior? |
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Definition
| a regulatory or permissive role |
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Term
| In the lock and key analogy, hormones are the key. what is the lock? |
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Definition
| hormone receptors on target cells |
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Term
| When a hormone binds a target receptor it begins a series of ____ events leading to a _____ response, for example, _______________________. |
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Definition
| When a hormone binds a target receptor it begins a series of cellular events leading to a genomic response, for example, activating genes that regulate protein synthesis. |
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Term
3 determinates of how well a hormone works - ____ in the ____ - receptor __ and ___ - ___ of the receptor |
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Definition
3 determinates of how well a hormone works - concentration in the circulation - receptor number and location - efficiency of the receptor |
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Term
What are the 3 keys to measuring behavior? - ? - ? - ? / ? |
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Definition
What are the 3 keys to measuring behavior? - objectivity - validity - reliability / consistency |
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Term
If you change ___ experimentally then you measure changes in ___ and ___ as the dependent variable. If you change ___ / ___ experimentally then you measure changes in ____ as the dependent variable. |
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Definition
If you change hormone levels experimentally then you measure changes in develpment and behavior as the dependent variable. If you change stimuli / behavior experimentally then you measure changes in hormone release as the dependent variable. |
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Term
| The third research strategy in behavioral endocrinology is correlational so instead of changing anything experimentally you measure ___ then measure ___, neither of which is a true IV since it wasn't manipulated. |
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Definition
| The third research strategy in behavioral endocrinology is correlational so instead of changing anything experimentally you measure hormone levels then measure development and behavior, neither of which is a true IV since it wasn't manipulated. |
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Term
| An objective assessment of behavior is something that can be _______ not something that _________. |
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Definition
| An objective assessment of behavior is something that can be directly observed not something that needs to be inferred. |
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Term
| When a behavior assessment is reliable/consistent, ______. |
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Definition
| you and I can agree on what we see and measure. |
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Term
| When a behavior assessment is valid, it is ___ . |
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Definition
| a really good index of the phenomenon you want to study |
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Term
Describe the example experiment that was intended to test the effects of estrogen on female sexual receptivity. What behavioral measure was used to gauge 'sexual receptivity' ? |
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Definition
Describe the example experiment that was intended to test the effects of estrogen on female sexual receptivity. overiectomize animals (removing the hormone source). give either estrogen or oil & compare behavior btw the 2 groups. What behavioral measure was used to gauge 'sexual receptivity' ? lordosis |
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Term
Other considerations on experimental design: - using ___ or ___ design - hormone ___: ___ vs ___ - ____ of hormone ____ - what ___ to measure |
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Definition
Other considerations on experimental design: - using within-subjects or between-subjects design - hormone dose: low vs high - location of hormone administration - what behaviors to measure |
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Term
| What are the 4 methods mentioned in lecture for experimentally manipulating hormone levels? |
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Definition
Administering the hormone Eliminating hormone-secreting cells Administering hormone receptor antagonist Genetic manipulation of hormone sensitivity |
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Term
| For the 'administering the hormone' method what are the 5 examples of this method from lecture? |
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Definition
pill injection skin patch implant cannula |
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Term
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Definition
A cannula is a tube which can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid. |
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Term
| For the 'eliminating hormone-secreting cells' method of experimental manipulating of hormone levels, what are the 3 examples given? |
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Definition
castration ovariectomy adrenalectomy |
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Term
| How does administering hormone receptor antagonist function to manipulate the levels of a hormone? |
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Definition
| by preventing naturally released hormone from binding to receptors |
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Term
| Genetic manipulation of hormone sensitivity refers to which well-known model in experimental design? |
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Definition
the receptor knock-out animal model |
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