Behavioral endocrinology studies how __ relate to the interaction between brain and behavior.

Psychoneuroimmunology studies how __ relates to the interaction between brain and behavior.

Behavioral endocrinology studies how hormones relate to the interaction between brain and behavior.

Psychoneuroimmunology studies how Immune system relates to the interaction between brain and behavior.

What are lymph nodes responsible for?

presentation of antigens to lymphocytes

What does the thymus produce?

What does the spleen do?

What does bone marrow produce?

What does the thymus produce?

What does the spleen do?

What does bone marrow produce?

- T cells

- filters pathogens from the blood

- B cells

What are lymphocytes and monocytes?

the basic cell types that make up the circulating components of the immune system

Name and describe the 2 classes of lymphocytes.

T cells:  lots of different kinds; bring about cell-mediated immunity

B cells:  produce antibodies

What are cytokines?

chemicals that trigger immune cell proliferation

What is the first step in cell-mediated immunity?  The cell responsible is a type of what? What does it release?  What cell does this target and what is that cell's response?

- invading pathogen detected by macrophage (type of monocyte), which releases interleukin-1.  That causes T-helper cell to respond by releasing interleukin-2.

What type of cells proliferate when a T-helper cell releases interleukin-2?  What additional type of cells do these cells induce?

T-cells, which induce cytotoxic killer cells.

What type of cells are cytotoxic killer cells?  What is the function of killer cells?

lymphocytes that destroy the invading pathogen

What is the first step in antibody-mediated immunity?

a macrophage identifies a pathogen and brings it to a T-helper cell.

After bringing pathogen to a T-helper cell, what does the macrophage produce?  What does this substance stimulate?  What do those stimulated cells then secrete?

- interleukin-1 which stimulates T-helper cell activity.  T-helper cells then secrete B-cell growth factor

What do B-cells make and secrete?  What do these secretions do?  After the B-cells have done their job, what happens to the pathogen?

- specific antibodies, which bind the pathogen and target it for destruction

- targeted pathogen is destroyed by a large group of plasma proteins known as complement

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the immune system?

- releases hormones from pituitary

- lesions reduce immune function in peripheral tissue

How are lymphocytes related to the endocrine system? Are their effects comparable to the pituitary?

- once activated by a virus, lymphoid cells secrete ACTH, CRH, and endorphins

- low levels compared to pituitary, but affect local cells

Relationship between cytokines and endocrine system?

- stimulate endocrine activity

How does initial occurrence of stress affect the immune system?

- immune defenses are activated

- includes increased glucocorticoids working to sharpen immune defenses and mobilize them where needed

What effect do glucocorticoids have on the immune system following stress? Why is this a critical step?

- they act to return immunity back to baseline

- to avoid autoimmune overshoot

How does chronic stress affect the immune system?

- with massive and prolonged stressors, immunity is suppressed below baseline

What does the immune system do to the stress axis?  Increasing levels of interleukin-1 are correlated with increased levels of which 2 hormones?

- it up-regulates it

- ACTH & Cortisol