Term
| The major ingredients of shrooms are ___ and the related compound ____ |
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Definition
| The major ingredients of shrooms are psilocybin and the related compound psilocin |
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Term
| Unlike mescaline, psilocybin, and DMT, LSD is a synthetic compound based on... |
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Definition
| ergot alkaloids (a family of fungal alkaloids) |
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Term
| The physiological responses caused by LSD reflect activation of... |
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Definition
| the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| The structure of LSD, DMT, psilocin, psilocybin, and 5-MeO-DMT are resemble... |
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Definition
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Term
| Mescaline has a structure similar to that of...this stru |
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Definition
| NE as well as amphetamine - phenethylamine |
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Term
| A class of drugs that includes mescaline, NE, and amphetamine related substances |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: LSD binds with relatively high affinity to at least 8 different serotonergic receptor subtypes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do hallucinogenic drugs produce tolerance? |
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Definition
| With the exception of DMT, most hallucinogenic drugs produce rapid tolerance with repeated use. (possibly down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors) |
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Term
| What brain structure is thought to play an important role in hallucinogenic drug effects and why? |
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Definition
| The locus coeruleus (dense cluster of NE-containing neurons in the pons that is responsible for most of the noradrenergic projections to the forebrain) b/c LSD, DOM, and mescaline all decrease spontaneous firing of LC neurons but enhances the excitation of the neurons (LC more sensitive to sensory input) |
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Term
| MDMA was synthesized by Merck while they were trying to synthesize... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Made an "emergency" schedule I drug in 1985 |
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Term
| MDMA has the same mechanisms as amphetamine/methamphetamine, except |
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Definition
| MDMA preferentially acts at serotonin terminals/SERT...also lesser dopaminergic effects |
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Term
| MDMA stimulates what receptors? what does this cause? |
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Definition
| MDMA stimulates 5-HT1A receptors which leads to increased oxytocin release |
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Term
| What is fatal hyponatremia? |
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Definition
| Death from drinking too much water...some MDMA users become too worried of dehydration so they drink so much water that their Na+ levels get too low) |
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Term
| In lab animals, medium to high doses of MDMA destroy ___ axons (of this variety) |
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Definition
| In lab animals, medium to high doses of MDMA destroy fine 5-HT axons (D-fibers from the dorsal raphe) |
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Term
| Difference b/w hallucinogen, psychotomimetic, psychedelic, and entheogen. |
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Definition
Hallucinogen= evokes hallucinations.
Psychotomimetic= produces psychosis.
Psychedelic= mind opening;liberation of perception.
Entheogen= spiritually inspiring; creating the divine within. |
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Term
| How much mescaline in dried peyote buttons? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does mescaline last? What schedule is it? |
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Definition
| Last 10-12 hours. Peyote/mescaline both are schedule I |
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Term
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Definition
| NE, mescaline, myristicin (nutmeg), amphetamine, TMA, DOM |
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Term
| Name 4 indoleamine hallucinogens |
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Definition
| DMT, LSD, psilocin/psilocybin, 5-methoxy-DMT (toads)...can count 5-HT |
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Term
| What schedule is LSD and since when? |
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Definition
| LSD is schedule I since 1967 |
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Term
| True/False: Cross-substitution and cross-tolerance is not observed between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens |
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Definition
| FALSE! Cross-substitution and cross- tolerance between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens have been observed. |
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Term
| When rats are trained to choose between 2 levers, one lever if injected with saline, one lever if injected with LSD, what are the effects after pretreated with 5-HT2A antagonists? |
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Definition
| Hallucinogen-appropriate lever choosing is reduced (effects go away) |
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Term
| 5-HT2A receptors are found predominantly in... |
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Definition
| the cortex (remember: postsynaptic, Gq-coupled, espcially on pyramidal neurons) |
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Term
| True/False: Both indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens appear to act as 5-HT2A agonists, BUT not all 5-HT2A agonists are hallucinogenic. |
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Definition
| TRUE...this is a puzzle for psychopharmacologists. |
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Term
| All 5-HT2A agonists regulate... |
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Definition
| All 5-HT2A agonists regulate PLC via Gq |
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Term
| Hallucinogenic drugs, like all 5-HT2A agonists, regulate PLC via Gq, as well as...How is this possible? |
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Definition
| as well as engage a Gi/o-coupled pathway..this is possible by mGluR2 (target receptor for anti-psychotic meds) which Gi/o coupled, binds with 5-HT2A receptors |
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Term
| How is salvia unlike other hallucinogens? |
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Definition
| Salvia is NOT active at 5-HT2A receptors |
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Term
| Salvia is a selective ____ agonist |
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Definition
| KOP-R...possible interaction with CB1 receptors too |
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