Term
| what do males contribute to the embryo? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do females contrribute to the embryo |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when are monogamy and polyandry favored |
|
Definition
| when males provide parental care |
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|
Term
| what does female distribution determine |
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Definition
| the costs and benefits of different male strategies |
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|
Term
| what do females usually follow |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what mating system does a high food density favor? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what mating system does medium food density favor? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what mating system does low food density favor? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 types of polygyny |
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Definition
| female defense, resource defense, scramble competition, lek |
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|
Term
| what are 3 characteristics of scramble competition polygyny? |
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Definition
| no defended territory, females scattered, no defensible resources |
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|
Term
| where is the lek usually the best? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what can females do in a lek? |
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Definition
| rapidly compare and choose among many males |
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|
Term
| what kind of lek is most normal |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 3 theories for clustering in lek polygyny |
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Definition
| hotspot, hotshot, female preference |
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|
Term
| what are 4 causes of monogamy? |
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Definition
| mate assistance, mate guarding, female-enforcement, mutual interest |
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Term
| many groups appear to be monogamous, but what does paternity testing prove is going on |
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Definition
| extra pair copulations, genetic polyandry |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 benefits to polyandry for females? |
|
Definition
| fertility, good genes, material |
|
|
Term
| what is a consequence of polyandry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the material benefits to polyandry? |
|
Definition
| more resources, better protection, infanticide protection |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 costs to polyandry? |
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Definition
| time, energy, losing parental care, stds |
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|
Term
| what mating system is common to birds |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when do birds lay their eggs, and why |
|
Definition
| early in development (bc of the demands of flight) |
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|
Term
| how can female birds increase their fitness? |
|
Definition
| by devoting more energy to egg production and less energy to parental care |
|
|
Term
| what heightens the difference in costs of reproduction between the sexes in mammals? |
|
Definition
| the obligation for females to be involved in parental care |
|
|
Term
| who is the more valuble sex in mammals |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| who has more control over mating when it comes to mammals |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are female counter strategies to infanticide |
|
Definition
| mating with multiple males and deceptive cycles(mate with new male even though not fertile) |
|
|
Term
| what happens to group size with clumped resources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to group size with dispersed resources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to group size when there is a lot of predation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to group size when there is little predation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is infanticide usually committed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 examples of mating system determining social behavior |
|
Definition
| polyandry and mate guarding; monogamy and paternal care |
|
|
Term
| lay more eggs _____ result in more offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 things is it not possible to increase at the same time with resources availability |
|
Definition
| number and survival probability of offspring |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| carrying capacity, where populations level off |
|
|
Term
| what is key in K selected species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is key in r selected species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the reproductive success depend on for females? and for males? |
|
Definition
| females- percent of offspring raised to maturity, males- number of females fertilized |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when there is a skew of 1? and of zero? |
|
Definition
| 1= one animal does all the reproducing, zero= all animals reproduce equally |
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|
Term
| which sex is the level of skew usually higher in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is cooperative parenting common? |
|
Definition
| when offspring require a lot of care |
|
|
Term
| what does high adult mortality rate mean for birds? |
|
Definition
| higher parental investment |
|
|
Term
| what predators for high mortality birds respond most strongly to? and low mortality? |
|
Definition
| high mortality= nest predators, low mortality= adult predators |
|
|
Term
| where is male care most common and why? |
|
Definition
| in fish, because females choose males that provide care |
|
|
Term
| what is in involved in offspring recognition |
|
Definition
| vocal, olfactory and sometimes visual |
|
|
Term
| how does deception occur? |
|
Definition
| mimic host species to increase the likelihood that they will provide care to your young |
|
|
Term
| when is caring for another's young beneficial? |
|
Definition
| dilution effect, cooperative breeding |
|
|
Term
| what is a form of parent offspring conflict? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are signals that stimulate feeding behavior often linked to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can be exploited by brood parasites? |
|
Definition
| the fact ath birds usually invest the most in the healthiest young- the brood is often bigger and has a stronger releasing stimulus |
|
|
Term
| what is intrasexual selection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is intersexual selection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who usually competes in sexual selection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what determines the intensity of sexual selection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do displays escalate into fight? |
|
Definition
| only among closely matched rivals |
|
|
Term
| what is an indirect competition for mates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a direct competition for mates |
|
Definition
| competing for access to females |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 alternative mating strategies and what are they a result of |
|
Definition
| conditional(common)- result of environmental conditions; distinct(rare)- result of genes |
|
|
Term
| when is mate guarding favored? |
|
Definition
| when unguarded females will mate again, last male to mate fathers more offspring, males have little chance of finding another mate |
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