Term
| . Social Relations Among Toddlers 1a. Choosing Playmates: who is currently available to play with, who has interesting toys? |
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Definition
| By 2 years of age – begin to select each other as mutually referred playmates |
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Term
| qualities of a true friendship |
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Definition
| voluntary (you choose them), mutual (they choose you), closeness, persists over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Still more the norm. Toddlers don’t have a lot of choice. Much more reliant on parents/family, to bring them around children their age. |
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Term
| Gender Segregation Among Childhood Friends 2a. Reasons for Gender Segregation |
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Definition
1. Play compatibility – Like to seek out children who play the same way they play.
2. Cognitive schemas – develop concepts. about what boys and girls are like
Examples – girls nice and play with dolls. Boys are ruff. |
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Term
| How children use cognitive schemas |
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Definition
| Use them to guide behavior. Tend to misremember when it goes against their concept. More advanced gender schemas: the more they understand, the more they segregate. |
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Term
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Definition
| –All about rewards and punishments. |
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Term
| Operant conditioning boys versus girls |
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Definition
Boys – More likely to be punished for crossing gender lines. Often comes from peers.
Girls – Peers a little more forgiving.
Who contributes to gender segregation – Parents, teachers, peers, and media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Children in latency phase repress, desires, thoughts, ect. One way to repress is to stay away from opposite sex. |
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Term
| When children play with opposite-sex friends |
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Definition
| You get teased and you are embarrassed. |
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Term
| Friends and Peers in Adolescence |
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Definition
| 3a. Crowds: similar reputations, similar activities. |
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Term
| Transition to Dating and Romantic Relationships |
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Definition
4a. Development of Romantic Relationships
Affiliations – friendly relationships with opposite sex.
Romantic relationships – Once people become more passionate, commited, or loyal to each other. |
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Term
By the age of 13
By age 18 |
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Definition
By the age of 13 – 25% say they have been in a romantic relationships. Last 5months average.
By age 18 – 73% say they have been in a romantic relationships. Lasted 3 years average. Those who hit puberty earlier start dating earlier. |
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Term
| Types of Play 1a. Focus on Logical Skills in Middle Childhood |
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Definition
By 7 years of age – Children entering Piaget's cognitive dev. Stage: Concrete operational thought.
Get more interested in real world interest. Tend to leave fantasy behind.
Types of games they like – Like rules and structure. Videogames.
collections – Order, organization, logic (to some extent) |
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Term
| Focus on Physical Skills in Middle Childhood |
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Definition
| common examples of skill-based play – Hitting a baseball/ jumping rope/climb trees/riding bicycle/ skateboarding. |
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Term
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Definition
try to push limits of what you can do. Try more complex stunts.
Examples – jumping off swings/jump ramps with skateboards-do tricks. |
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Term
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Definition
| try to do stunts to impress |
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Term
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Definition
| as long as kids are doing them for the enjoyment of doing them. Not fun if made to. |
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Term
| Categories of Popular and Unpopular Children |
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Definition
| Rejected-Aggressive Children: Large number of nominations in the “like least” variety. Actively disliked by peers. 1-aggressive 2-withdrawn 50% fall into this category |
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Term
| Characteristics of rejected aggressive children |
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Definition
Characteristics – Physically aggressive usually. Verbally aggressive.
Example: joining a game – just take the ball. Disrupt game. |
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Term
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Definition
| Boys most likely to use verbal aggression (examples) girls more likely relational aggression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Withdraw friendship or ruin social relationships if you don’t give them what they want. Example: joining a game – “I won’t be your friend if you don’t let me play” |
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Term
| Rejected-Withdrawn Children |
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Definition
| 20% of rejected kids. Timid. (most withdrawn children aren’t rejected) only .25 of withdrawn are rejected. Kids become older, less withdrawn and shy. |
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Term
| Why these children may become rejected |
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Definition
Something about kids that other kids reject. Could dress/behave odd. Blatantly refuse to play with others.
climate of the classroom or school – Can play a role for these kids. Kids withdrawn tend to fair worse when classroom is disorganized chaotic and hostile. Teacher can have an effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive very few nominations, no one is saying they like them or that they don’t like them. They for the most part are ignored, they don’t interact wth children a whole lot |
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Term
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Definition
| they tend to be less social than your average child, they are also less disruptive and aggressive, they are less negative than your average child. They actively avoid angry competitions. They don’t have high social anxiety, they aren’t weary of other children, they just like to hang out by themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| researchers have found that you take the test at the beginning of the year take it again, they have found that these kids move to a different category. |
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Term
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Definition
| neglected kids are ignored, the rejected kids peers don’t like them at all. Neglected like more time to themselves |
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