Term
| What are the 4 ways of knowing? |
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Definition
Tenacity
Intuition
Authority
Science |
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Term
| What are the 4 goals of science? |
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Definition
Describe
Explain
Predict
Control |
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Term
| What are the 5 Tenets of Science? |
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Definition
Determinism
Empiricism
Replicability
Falsifiability
Parsimony |
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Term
| Name the 8 steps to the Scientific Method |
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Definition
Define the Question
Gather info and resources
Form hypothesis
Perform experiment & collect data
Analyze data
Interpret data, draw conclusions
Publish results
Retest |
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Term
| Everything has a natural cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Gaining through observation |
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Definition
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Term
| Replicate the same results you got |
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Definition
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Term
| Have to be able to show your theory is false, can't make statements always true |
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Definition
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Term
| The simplest explanation is usually correct, keep theory/hypothesis simple |
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Definition
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Term
Science is __________
(learning through observation) |
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Definition
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Term
| Science relies on _______, ________, and __________ observations |
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Definition
| direct, careful, systematic |
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Term
| Science relies on ___________,___________, and ____________ data. |
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Definition
| gathering, analyzing, interpreting |
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Term
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Definition
| True because it's always been true |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Believe to be true because authority figure told you so |
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Term
| What are the 5 General Ethical Principles? |
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Definition
Beneficence & Nonmaleficence
Fidelity & Responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for other people's rights and dignity |
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Term
| What 3 things does Causality require? |
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Definition
Covariation
Proper Temporal Ordering
No Confounds |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which you can make causal inferences |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which the findings generalize to the public |
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Term
| What are the 5 types of non-experimental designs? |
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Definition
Phenomenological
Case
Field
Archival
Qualitative |
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Term
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Definition
Examining sensations and cognitions
Ex: Purkinje shift (dark to light) |
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Term
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Definition
| Study one person/event very intensely |
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Term
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Definition
| Study the behavior of interest in the environment it occurs in |
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Term
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Definition
| study using existing data |
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Term
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Definition
| data collected are words and not numbers |
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Term
| What is the main difference between experimental & non-experimental designs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Experimental Hypotheses? |
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Definition
Synthetic
Testability
Falsifiable
Parsimonious
Fruitful |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fidelity & Responsibility |
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Definition
Loyalty
Doing what you say you're going to do |
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Term
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Definition
| Talking to everyone with the same amount of respect |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of field studies? |
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Definition
Naturalistic Observation
Systematic Observation
Participant-observer Studies |
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Term
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Definition
| Following one group of people over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Looking at different groups of people at the same time |
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Term
| How is the Scientific Method Circular? |
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Definition
Research is a never ending process.
Once you refine your hypothesis you start the process all over again. |
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Term
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Definition
Participants are chosen in an unbiased way, equal chance of being selected
Estimate of what is LIKELY to be true. |
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Term
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Definition
Use groups who are available.
Weak, no control.
Used most often. |
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Term
| What are the 2 reasons for debriefing? |
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Definition
1. Deception
2. When participant engaged in unexpected behavior |
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Term
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Definition
To explain completely the purpose of the study.
Educate the participant. |
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