Prodromal Phase

precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious deterioration in role functioning

• unusual perceptual experiences, anger outbursts, increased tension/restlessness, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, lack of willpower

follows active phase, person continues to be impaired but symptoms resemble those in prodromal phase

• negative symptoms may remain pronounced

characterized by the presence of an abnormal response

• includes hallucinations and delusions

characterized by the absence of a particular response

• includes lack of initiative, social withdrawal, deficits in emotional responding

persistent sensory experiences not caused by external stimuli

• mostly auditory

idiosyncratic beliefs that are rigidly held in spite of their absurd nature

• unable to consider perspective of other people
• typically paranoid or grandiose

the restriction of the person's nonverbal display of emotional responses

• faces = expressionless, voices = lack fluctuations

involves indecisiveness, ambivalence, and a loss of willpower

• ceases to engage in purposeful actions

characterized by symptoms of motor immobility or excessive/purposeless motor acivity

• show a decreased awareness of env't

characterized by systematic delusions with persecutory or grandiose content

• excludes those with disorganized speech, flat affect, catatonic behavior

symptoms of schizophrenia partially overlap with a major depressive/manic episode

• presence of delusions/hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in the abscence of mood symptoms

does not meet full criteria for schizophrenia but is preoccupied for at least 1 month with delusions that are not bizarre

• presence of hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, negative symptoms rule out diagnosis

includes those who experience psychotic symptoms for at least 1 day, but less than 1 month

• occurs during periods of great stress
• person can return to normal functioning after

• stress, social isolation, poor nutrition, etc cause the development of schiz.
• schiz. patients might drift in the lowest social classes

refers to negative/intrusive attitudes sometimes displayed by relatives of patients receving treatment for a disorder

• high EE = overinvolvement, hostile, critical
• more likely to relapse

reduce severity of psychotic symptoms, but take several weeks to work

• positive symptoms respond better

type of medicine for schiz. patients that does not produce unpleasant motor side effects

• more effective in treating negative symptoms

psychosocial intervention delivered by team of clinicians intended to allow the disordered patient to live in the community

• includes education + skills training + rehab + medication

a depressed mood accompanied by several other symptoms and a variety of changes in thinking & overt behavior

• fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty sleeping, changes in appetite
• worthlessness, guilt, suicide thoughts

a mood disturbance that last at least 1 week and is characterized by elation, inflated self-esteem, hyperactivity, & acceralated speaking/thinking

symptoms related to basic physiological/bodily functions

• fatigue, aches, pains, changes in appetite & sleep patterns

refers to several features of behavior that may accompany the onset of depression

• ex: slowed movement & speaking

an episode of increased energy, not severe enough to qualify as mania because it lasts only 4 days

research procedure in which investigators study behavior that resemble mental disorders or their isolated features

• provide info on cause/effect, can't be generalized

onset of mood episodes associated with changes in seasons

• characterized by somatic symptoms
• usually in fall or winter

one in which scientists look backward in time by asking people to recall events or examining old records

• PRO: less expensive
• CON: distorted memories

a form of avoidance in which feelings are dampened or nonexistent

excessive fear reactions to unexpected stimuli

• form of increased arousal

personal sense of contol, commitment and challenge during stress

• predicts lower rates of PTSD

1. classical conditioning creates fear when terror from trauma is paired with cues associated with traumatic events

2. operant coniditioning maintains

• when fear producing stimuli is avoided, reduced anxiety...a negative reinforcement

indicated by changes in behavior apparently based on memory of a prior event with no conscious recollection of a past event

• usually occurs with familiar faces

process where learning that takes place in one state of affect/consciousness is best recalled in the same state of consciousness

• could explain how multiple personalities develop

characterized by history of multiple somatic complaints in the absence of organic impairments

• must complain of at least 8 physical symptoms
• must onset before the age of 30

characterized by a fear or belief that one is suffering from a physical illness

• worries must last for 6 months
• medical evaluations do not alleviate fears

characterized by a preoccupation with pain

• disrupts social/occupational functioning
• high risk of becoming addicted to painkillers