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Psych 250 - Chapter 2
Biological and Environmental Foundations
10
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/09/2010

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Term
x-Linked inheritance
Definition
when a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome, males are much more likely to be affected because their sex chromosomes do not match.

ex. Hemophilia (blood doesn't clot normally)
Term
Genetic Imprinting
Definition
alleles are imprinted (chemically marked) in such a way that one member of the pair (either mother's or father's) is activated regardless of its makeup.
Often temporary, may be erased in teh next generation.
Term
Polygenetic Inheritance
Definition
many genes influence the chrarcteristic in question
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
Most common chromosomal disorder (1/800 births) failure of the 21st pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis so new individual inherits 3 chromosomes instead of normal 2
Term
Variables of Socioeconomic Status (SES) - 3
Definition
1) Years of education (social status)
2) Prestige of and skill required by one's job (social status)
3) Income (economic status)
Term
Collectivist societies
Definition
People define themselves as part of a group and stress group goals over individual goals
Term
Individualistic societies
Definition
People think of themselves as separate entities and are largely concerned with their own personal needs
Term
Reaction Range
Definition
Each person's unique genetically determined response to the environment.
Shows that because each of us has a unique genetic makeup, we respond differently to same environment. Sometimes different genetic-environmental combinations can make 2 people look the same.
Term
Niche-Picking
Definition
the tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity
Term
Epigenesis
Definition
development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the envorionment

Development is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture.
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