Term
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Definition
a) algorithm
b) heuristics
c) mental set
d) insight
e)
f) expertise
g) framing effects |
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Term
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Definition
a systematic procedure for solving a problem that often works when applied correctly;
a forumla on how you would correctly solve a problem that works most if not all of the time |
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Term
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Definition
rules of thumb that help us to simplify and solve problems
components:
1. means-end analysis
2.
3.
4. representatives heuristic |
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Term
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Definition
| heuristic where we evaluate the difference between the current situation and the end goal in order to solve a problem (e.g. How are you going to get an A in this class?) |
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Term
| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
people tend to make judgments about a group of events based on what they appear to show
(e.g. Maggie has 4 girls. She is pregnant again. What is she likely to have next, a boy or a girl?) |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to solve a new problem by using an approach that was successful in the past with similar problems
(e.g. cracking open nuts with a hammer) |
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Term
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Definition
a sudden realization of how things are related or connected that help one to solve a problem; an epiphany
incubate- when we step back from a problem for a while so that the solution suddenly appears |
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Term
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Definition
when we step back from a problem for a while so that the solution suddenly appears
component of insight |
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Term
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Definition
| being particularly skilled, proficient and more knowledgeable at a particular task than an average person |
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Term
| four distinct characteristics or qualities of an expert |
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Definition
intuitive
automatic
strategic
flexible |
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Term
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Definition
| while novices rely on formal rules and procedures to guide their actions, experts rely more on their accumulated experience and immediate context to determine their course of action |
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Term
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Definition
| the complex actions and thoughts related to completion of a particular task in the expert's field is routine, as if performed without much conscious thought or effort |
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Term
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Definition
| an expert has a greater number, more diverse, and often more efficient ways to accomplish particular tasks in their field |
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Term
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Definition
| an expert demonstrates a higher level of open mindedness, problem solving, and creativity in their thinking when tackling a particular problem in their field |
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Term
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Definition
the context you use to describe a problem or question can influence how a person responds
(professor's example: do you like work? do you like working with fun people?) |
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Term
| some components to language |
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Definition
psycholinguistic theory
fast mapping
grammar
linguistic-relativity hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
states that language learning involves an interaction between our environment and our inborn tendency to acquire language;
similar to an epigenetic systems approach |
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Term
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Definition
using categories to process and memorize new words;
mental language map of words |
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Term
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Definition
the structure, techniques and rules of a language;
there are often differences between spoken/conversational and written language |
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Term
| linguistic relativity hypothesis |
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Definition
| language also affects how we structure and understand the world |
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