Term
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Definition
a. explicit/declarative memory
b. implicit memory
c. retrospective memory
d. prospective memory |
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Term
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Definition
also known as declarative memory
things that are explicit are clearly stated and explained
contains basic knowledge, information and facts |
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Term
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Definition
also known as explicit memory
things that are explicit are clearly stated and explained
contains basic knowledge, information and facts |
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Term
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Definition
component of explicit memory
contains things that have happened to us or we witnessed;
also known as autobiographical memory |
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Term
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Definition
component of explicit memory
contains things that have happened to us or we witnessed;
also known as episodic memory |
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Term
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Definition
component of explicit memory
contains general knowledge and meaning of words and basic facts |
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Term
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Definition
also known as non-declarative memory;
contains information about how to perform a task,
the process of how to do something |
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Term
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Definition
also known as implicit memory;
contains information about how to perform a task,
the process of how to do something |
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Term
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Definition
| recalling information that was learned in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering to do things in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| memory involves three basic processes that include encoding, storage and retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
translating information so that we can put it into our memories
three components: visual, acoustic and semantic code |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of information in picture form |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of information in sound form |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of information according to their meaning (e.g. acronyms like ROYGBIV) |
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Term
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Definition
maintaining information in your memory over time
---see textbook--- |
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Term
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Definition
| locating stored information and bringing it back; recalling information |
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Term
| the three stages of memory |
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Definition
a. sensory memory stage
b. short term memory stage (STM)
c. long term memory stage (LTM) |
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Term
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Definition
only traces that last only a fraction of a second to a few seconds; things are forgotten quickly if they are not important or attended to
two components: iconic and echoic memory |
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Term
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Definition
holds icons, the mental representation of visual images that remembered for fractions of a second;
-eidetic imagery, maintenance of detailed visual images over several minutes, still typically fades over time |
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Term
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Definition
component of iconic memory
-maintenance of detailed visual images over several minutes, still typically fades over time |
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Term
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Definition
| holds echoes- mental representation of sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of sounds |
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Term
| short term memory stage (STM) |
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Definition
temporary storage place for things that you attend to or deem somewhat important and need to remember, at least for a little while;
also called working memory |
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Term
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Definition
temporary storage place for things that you attend to or deem somewhat important and need to remember, at least for a little while;
also called short term memory (STM) |
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Term
| components to the short term memory stage |
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Definition
serial-position effect
primacy effect
recency effect
chunking
rote
displace |
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Term
| serial-position effect (STM) |
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Definition
| tendency to recall first and last items in a series of information |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to recall the first items |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to recall the last items |
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Term
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Definition
| grouping information together in order to encode and store it in STM so that it may be easily recalled later |
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Term
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Definition
| learning through repetition |
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Term
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Definition
| losing information in your STM when you add new information |
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Term
| long term memory stage (LTM) |
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Definition
| permanent storage for things |
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Term
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Definition
---see textbook---
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
---see textbook---
---see textbook---
interference theory
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia |
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Term
| tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (LTM) |
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Definition
| feeling that information is stored in memory cannot be recalled readily |
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Term
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Definition
forgetting stored information because other learning interferes with it
two components: retroactive and proactive |
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Term
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Definition
component of interference theory
new learning interferes with the retrieval of old information |
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Term
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Definition
component of interference theory
new learning interferes with material that was just learned recently |
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Term
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Definition
| anterograde and retrograde |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to remember information that occurred after a physical trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to remember information prior to a physical trauma |
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Term
| three major research findings regarding eyewitness testimony |
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Definition
1. identification is less accurate when suspects belong to ethnic or racial groups that differ from the witness
2. identification of suspects is confused when interrogators make misleading suggestions
3. witnesses are seen as more credible when they claim to be certain in their testimony, but there is little evidence that claims of certainty are accurate |
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