Term
|
Definition
psychoanalysis is primarily the study of individual and their deepest motives (drives and need for attachment)
family therapy is the study of social relationships
The bridge between these two is called OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY
ESSENCE IS THAT WE RELATE TO OTHERS ON BASIS OF EXPECTATIONS FORMED BY EARLY EXPERIENCE, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Part of Objects Relations theory
The residue the early relations leave is called Internal Objects
Internal objects are mental images of self and others built up from experience and expectation.
Internalized core objects form personality (develop and maintain thru past and present social relations) |
|
|
Term
| Bowlby Analytic Depression |
|
Definition
| -a child has a profound need for attachment to a single constant object, if need is denied it is called anaclitic depression-a turning away from the world with withdrawl into apathy |
|
|
Term
| projective identification |
|
Definition
defense mechanism where unwanted parts of the self are blamed (attributed) to another person and that person is induced to behave in accordance with these projective attributes.
These feelings are communicated and provoked in subtle but recognizable ways but these subtllties are not focused on. |
|
|
Term
fundamental motive of life according to an Object Relationist?
) |
|
Definition
| The fundamental motive is to have a satisfying relations ship with another. It emphasizes relationships and attachment rather than libido or aggression. Psychoanalytic theory derived from Melanie klein and developed by the british schools (bion, fairbain, guntrip and wincott |
|
|
Term
| 3The psychodynamic view of human behavior is |
|
Definition
| derived from Freud's psychoanalytic model which places heavy emphasis on the role of the unconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boszormenyi-Nagy term for the amount of merit a person accrues for behaving in an ethical manner towards others. In contextual therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is distorted emotional reactions to present relationships based on unresolved early family relations, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transference is distorted emotional reactions to present relationships based on unresolved early family relations
(scapegoating, trading disassociation, merging, irrational role assignments, deliniations, symbiosis, family projection process)
Freud says that we distort preceptions by attributing qualities to one person to someone else. |
|
|
Term
| objective countertransference. |
|
Definition
This involves the feelings the patient
induces in the analyst that give precious information about the patient’s own feelings and
transferences. It enables us to feel how the patient (as an infant) felt toward himself, how his
mother felt toward him, how he felt toward his mother and how he wished his mother felt toward
him (the four components of transference). Objective countertransference is the key to our better
understanding and eventually unlocking the emotional and psychological door to our patient. |
|
|
Term
| subjective countertransference: |
|
Definition
feelings the analyst feels,
having do with her as a person. The analyst’s own unresolved issues are being awakened in her
work with the patient. The analyst has a hard time staying objective in the treatment in order to
fully “be there” for the patient, as she is bombarded with her personal feelings toward the patient
and toward whomever the patient reminds her of in her own life. |
|
|
Term
Bowlby 3 stages of pathological mourning
Stage I |
|
Definition
Pprotests and wishes for reunion
Could last hours or weeks
appear acutely distressed
child rejects care
rejects recaptures distressed |
|
|
Term
Bowlby 3 stages of pathological mourning
Stage |
|
Definition
Hoplessness Phase
Despair (looks like depression)withdraw, no movmnt, no demands |
|
|
Term
Bowlby 3 stages of pathological mourning
Stage know for exam |
|
Definition
interest goes up (oerky)
may smile
no longer rejecting
more accepting
when mother reappears child is indifferent, attachment injured, apathetic to parent, remote |
|
|
Term
| Bowlby 3 stages of pathological mourning |
|
Definition
Grief-mourning process children went thru while separated from their mothers.
1975 study children 13-32 months
IMPORTANT LESSON --ALWAYS TAKE THE BABY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relates to and is satisfied with new people and things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children learn when they are left and feel abandonded they become very self-centered and more concerned with material things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doesn't find gratification in relationships Seperation experience or perceived rejection brings on catastrophic feelings of this depression take on stage two symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attachment so critical to children that to comabt these feelings as an adult they are clingy, use alcohol or shopping to ease, constant feeling, feelings of rejection (projection) |
|
|
Term
Attachment Styles
SECURE ATTACHMENT |
|
Definition
visibly uPSET WHEN CAREGIVER LEAVES Happy when parent returns
when frightened seek comfort of parent when parent initiates contact it is readily accepted
positive greetings upon parent return
can be comforted by others but CLEARLY prefers parent at all times
parents are affectionate, play with children, do not use TV or phones or computers to babysit child under age 12
available and respond quickly, nurturing and takes pride in child and parent is not selfish or materialistic. child comes before mothers beauty regime
As adult this child is more empathetic, less disruptive, less aggrressice, mature and not needy, do not borrow or manipulate, is not materialistic
In relationships as an adultaffectionate, secure, trustin, long term seeks social support shen needed, shares feelings with partner, believes in romantic love |
|
|
Term
Attachment Styles
AMBIVELENT INSECURE ATTACHMENT |
|
Definition
suspicious OF STRANGERS
Sep from Caregiver=high distress
Parent returns-not reassured or comforted may passively reject parent, aggressive
parent is unresponsive to needs, not available. Physically present but on phone computer ignores basic needs like changing diapers. child develops without mothering
tend to cling to teachers or others who meet their needs to get what mother doesn't give
as adult-clingy, reluctant to closeness, worrier, frequent break up, cold and distant |
|
|
Term
Attachment Styles
AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT |
|
Definition
avoids parents and caregivers (prefers tv, hand held computer devices, computers) More pronounced avoidance after parent leaves sekks comfort from things and not parent
no preference between parent and grandparent (others)
as adults close relationships are difficult to maintain
little emotion invested
when it ends-OH WELL
sexually permisccuous, don't really attach, fantasize often about others, are schizoid not supportive (a taker not a giver) In men porn addiction common, in women seek things or younger relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Margaret Ainsworthin 1969 to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and a child. It applies to children between the ages of twelve and twenty four months. Broadly speaking, the attachment styles were (1) secure,(2) insecure avoidant and (3) insecure ambivalent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diseased internal object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parents, caregivers, siblings
mental images and fantasies of oneself and others formed by early interactions with caregivers |
|
|
Term
| projective identification |
|
Definition
a defense mechanism whereby unwated aspects of the self are attributed to another person and that person is induced to behave in accordance with these projected attributes
(controlling or manipulative mother will cause bad relational style)
Melanie Klein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memories, feelings and impulses of which a person is unaware. Often used as a noun but more appropriately limited to use as a adjective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
at heart of human nature there are sexual and aggressive drives conflict arises when me learn and mislearn that expressing impulses may lead to punishment (ie-expressing anger may make a partner stop loving you)
to balance 1-strengthen defenses against one's impulses 2-relax defenses to permit gratification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a primitive form for of identification -taking aspects of other people which then become part of your self image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first to depart from Freud; began writing about object relations in the 1930's; worked directly with children (unlike Freud) and found children spent more energy constructing interpersonal world than controlling libidinal impulses; the core of selfhood is tied to the infant’s first and most fundamental object relationship– the relationship with the mother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ultimate goal of human behavior is to establish meaningful human relationships; the frustration of not feeling loved, lovable, or that ones' love is valued and welcomed results in aggressive impulses; credited for the term “object relations” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : the child’s relationship with its mother, rather than the child’s drives, is central to psychological development; this development begins through attachment to the mother and proceeds by progressive detachment as the child gets older (separation-individuation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There is no such thing as an infant; there is only an infant and its mother”; “good enough” mother: is attuned to and at the disposal of her child’s needs; positive attributes are developed through “good enough” mothering; a false-self develops from maternal deprivation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to someone/something who meets our needs (that which satisfies a person’s drives).
can be internal (parent’s voice in your head) or external (a person in the real world)
can be real (objective) or fantasy (subjective)
the term comes from the shift away from the Freudian emphasis on drives to the object of drives (e.g., other people) |
|
|
Term
| PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION |
|
Definition
Occurs when a person projects an unwanted or intolerable aspect (i.e. anxiety) onto someone else, behaves toward the other in a way that generates feelings in the other that correspond with the projection, and then unconsciously identifies with and feels oneness with the other. This process is unconscious and more extreme than projection.
Functions of Projective Identification:
Defense: to get away from painful feelings
Communication: nonverbal, unconscious; rather than tell the therapist about her inner world, the client has the therapist experience it
Object-relatedness: a way of relating to another person
Pathway for psychological change
Major patterns of Projective Identification (Cashdan, 1988):
Dependency
Power
Sexuality
Ingratiation |
|
|
Term
Major patterns of Projective Identification (Cashdan, 1988):
Dependency |
|
Definition
Dependency
Power
Sexuality
Ingratiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Manipulator
Emotional structure component is self- sacrifice...aware that the person is doing something "for you"
"after all I've done for you"
If it wasn't for me"
try to induce you to need them, guilt youinto feeling appreciative
Metacommunication here is YOU OWE ME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parentified children (impaired parent)
only noticed is doing somethin for someone else
pisses you off, annoyed angry places constraint on relationship[p
Best response-I HEAR YOU< THANKS don't be emotional or react don't take it personally
person has had an injury they are doing the best that they can |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imposing a distortion on a therapeutic relationship |
|
|
Term
| subjective counter transference |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| therapist respond to pt arises from therapists past issues |
|
|
Term
| non subjective countertransference |
|
Definition
takes away neutrality and objectivity
Ie- therapist doesn'tlike pt because pt reminds him of someone
makes therapist edgy and confrontational treats differently |
|
|
Term
| objective countertransference |
|
Definition
feelings pt induces in therapist
central to pts underlying conflicts and processes
(biored wuith patient,..ask why am I feeling bored
monotone
no eye contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pioneer entire family assessment psychoanalyst
1st to treat families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to understand unconscious process/motive people don't live by self should be treated in isolation |
|
|
Term
| Failure of complementarity |
|
Definition
not harmonious do't accommodate each other
leads to rigid roles narrow definitions
stereotyping
Ackerman-cultivate new experiences, resist fam sys theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
family develops competing factions
members become scapegoat-whipping post |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes difficulties in families
problem of one member interlocks with another
hypochondriac has enabler partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cause and effect link difficult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 dimensions of parenting
1-discipline strategy, 2 warmth, nurturing, communication style |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indulgent, few demands, rarely disciplines, no expectations for behavior, avoid confrontation, can sometimes be responsive, not demanding, non-traditional role of friend instead of parent |
|
|
Term
Child of permissive parent as child, teen and adult
characteristics are |
|
Definition
| low self regulation (out of control behavior, messy, no standards, wild) no boundaries, Low happiness, problems with authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has rules, guides to live by
structure
more democratic, responsive to child, really listens, more nurturing, more forgiving, may not punish, assertive but not intrusive, sets example of how to act, be a person, how to live in household and of living expectations |
|
|
Term
| Child of a Authoritative Parent, teen adult child characteristics |
|
Definition
| socially responsible happy as young adults, successful, confident, capable, self-sufficient, not takers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
follow rules period, punishmentmay include hitting reason is I said so high demands of children low nurturers, low empathizers, low responsiveness
more worried about looks and status
expects orders followed
not good listeners because only worried about selves and pretend to be worried about child fake |
|
|
Term
children of authoritarian parents
as child, teen , adult |
|
Definition
low self esteem!
unhappy, not confident
follow rules but out of fear
teens quit sports and introvert |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cosmetic change
does not alter system or organization
temporary but well intended
(mom stop being critical, stop yelling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
will change structure
changes interactions that lead up to fighting
change of rules of systems
changes self esteem or control
helps the system
long lasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strategic family planning
therapy model that focuses on the content and possible function of the patients symptoms and used directives to instruct patients to act in ways that were contrary to their maladaptive behavior more important to do something to underst5and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Haley defines symptoms as interpersonal events-tactics for one person to deal with another
development of symptoms 9rage, panic, phobias, anxiety, depressive disorder)
When someone becomes symptomatic it is a maneuver for power(attempt to control another person)
it is a maneuver to define who is in charge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hayley
denies maneuver for power
says symptom is real or unvoluntarty
symptoms control what is happening in a relationship |
|
|
Term
| attention seeking maneuver for power |
|
Definition
fainting, falling on floor, acting incredibly sick, exaggerating illness
Should not react, just ignore then person will get angry and rage because not being helped (showing that symptoms really are fake)
call 911, make person put up or shut up if very sick or threatening suicide, do not feed behavior or it will never end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| find more wasy to express needs and have needs met |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| homework assignments designed to help families interrupt homestatic patterns of problem maintaining behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gre out of communications theory
3 models, MRI, Strategic Family and Milan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all behavior is communication
2 levels, surface/content and metacommunication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
communications theoristssurface is just words
I love you-surface
eye contact, verbal lang=meta communication |
|
|
Term
| complementary relationship |
|
Definition
different in ways that fit together
most common-shy/outgoing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on equality and similarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
communication can be punctuated-each person holds the other responsible for action
she nags cause he doesn't listen
he doesn't listen cause she nags |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
takes away power of symptoms, desensitizes
manipulates clients for strategic therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tell them don't change or cry more
this makes the symptom voluntary and causes dimish
this takes away the POWER OF THE SYMPTOM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have client overdo symptom-resists-goes wasy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
content-just words
command function - is a process issue
+ is meta communication
garbage is dull=metacomm take out garbage
billy hit me
command-do something aboutit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interactional psychotherapy
process refers to the nature of the relationship of interacting individual
also refers to individuals underlying unconscious conflicts
someones unconscious motives
feelings being expressed (body language, tone of voice) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
content just words spoken, issues discussed, arguments made
process=what do words really mean
what do these words tell us about the relational or interactional style of the participants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problem solving + outwit resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hayley
overdo a symptom-resistance-goes away
family goes against destabilization=resistance
resistance proves symptom is voluntary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conflict created when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction in an important relationship and cannot leave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patients say symptoms are involuntary as a way to resolve therapist uses a double bind such a prescribing the symptom, exaggerating the symptom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| correction that follows correct deduction from logic |
|
|
Term
| therapist that are processed oriented |
|
Definition
how are they saying what they are saying
why are they saying it now |
|
|
Term
| therapist that stay in content |
|
Definition
| not very helpful to patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
self psychology
every human being longs to be appreciated
emphasizes the need for attachment and appreciation rather than sex and aggression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boszormenyi nagy includes appreciation of relational ethics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kohutchildren experience parents as parts of them selves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| child draws from power of their wonderful parents 9see parents as caregivers who love, feed, bathe, care for and socialize with them) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kohut understanding plus acceptance needed for a secure cohesive child 9slf) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a psychological defense mechanism in which a person abandons age-appropriate coping strategies in favor of earlier, more childlike patterns of behavior. This regression is a form of retreat, bringing back a time when the person feels safe and taken care of. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits.[1] The term subsequently came to denote object relationships with and attachments to people or things in general persisting from childhood into adult life.[2] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding acceptance explanation kohut |
|
|
