Term
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Definition
| Erikson's approach to development, offered as an alternative to Freud's psychosexual approach |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle for psychosocial development, based on a biological model, in which parts emerge in order of increasing differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
| cultural practice or tradition that supports ego strengths |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's maladaptive repetive actions intended to make up for weak aspects of ego development |
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Term
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Definition
| the exaggerated sense of many groups, especially national and ethnic groups, that they are different from others, leading to conflict among groups |
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Term
Erikson's Eight Stages of Development
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Definition
1. Trust Versus Mistrust (hope)
2. Autonomy Versus Shame (will)
3. Initiative Versus Guilt (purpose)
4. Industry Versus Inferiority (competence/self-esteem)
5. Identity Versus Identity Diffusion (fidelity)
6. Intimacy Versus Isolation (love)
7. Generativity Versus Self-absorption (care)
8. Integrity Versus Despair (wisdom)
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Term
| 1. Trust Versus Mistrust (hope) |
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Definition
infant
Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment
hope- fundamental conviction in the trustworthiness of the world |
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Term
| 2. Autonomy Versus Shame (will) |
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Definition
Toddler
Works to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem
will-conviction that what one wants to happen can happen |
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Term
| 3. Initiative Versus Guilt (purpose) |
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Definition
Preschooler
Begins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity
purpose-orientation to attain goals through striving |
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Term
| 4. Industry Versus Inferiority (competence/self-esteem) |
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Definition
School-Age Child
Tries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills
competence-sense of workmanship, of perfecting skills |
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Term
| 5. Identity Versus Identity Diffusion (fidelity) |
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Definition
Adolescent
Tries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure
fidelity-ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged
identity foreclosure-an identity is accepted without adequate exploration
moratorium-period provided by society when an adolescent is sufficiently free of commitments to be able to explore identity; also, a stage of identity development when such exploration is occurring, before identity achievement
diffusion- no clear idea of one’s identity and making no attempt to find that identity.
identity achievement |
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Term
| 6. Intimacy Versus Isolation (love) |
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Definition
Young Adult
Learns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner
love-ability to form an intimate mutual relationship with another person |
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Term
| 7. Generativity Versus Self-absorption (care) |
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Definition
Middle-Age Adult
Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests
care-ability to nurture the development of the next generation |
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Term
| 8. Integrity Versus Despair (wisdom) |
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Definition
Older Adult
Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and preparation for death
Wisdom-mature sense of the meaningfulness and wholeness of experience |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of sameness between one's meaning for oneself and one's meaning for others in the social world |
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