Term
| Deindividuation in The Dark |
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Definition
| Shows that people are more likely to carry out socially deviant and abnormal behavior when they feel anonymous and deindividuated |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows how couples remembered doing more chores than their spouse. We often only selectively remember things we do, to make us look and feel better |
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Term
| Positive and Negative Cognition After Failure |
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Definition
| This study shows that HSE people are more likely to think about their strengths after failures, while LSE people are likely to think about their weaknesses. HSE people recover quicker after failures, while LSE people stew in their failures |
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Term
| Threatened Ego and Aggression |
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Definition
| HSE individuals are more aggressive when they feel threatened, which stems from the fact that they have more ego they feel they have to protect, and thus feel more threatened |
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Term
| Self Evaluation Maintenance Theory |
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Definition
| Study shows that we like to see close ties succeed, but only if it is in a domain that is not relevant to us. When they are in our domain, we like to see them fail, so we do not feel bad about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| We like to receive much more feedback on our strengths than our weaknesses. This promotes liking |
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Term
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Definition
| When forced to hear about strengths and weaknesses, we want to hear information that we believe to be true about ourselves. Good about good and bad about bad. Supports knowing |
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Term
| Insufficient Justification |
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Definition
| Study shows that when subjects only got $1 as reward for lying, they did not feel their actions were justified, so they changed their attitudes, which makes what they said not a lie |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows how we rationalize why we picked appliance #4 over #5. In post study ratings, we rate #4 much higher than originally and #5 much lower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that people rationalize a hard initiation to a group by saying that they enjoy the group more. By making group appear great, their actions have been validated in their minds |
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Term
| Counterattitudinal Essays |
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Definition
| Study shows that under free choice we feel dissonance when we have written for something we do not agree, so we either change our attitudes after the fact, or claimed to have liked the thing in the past. We misremember to feel accurate |
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Term
| Missatribution of Dissonance Arousal |
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Definition
| Study shows that when subjects have something to attribute their arousal to, the arousal pill, they feel no need to change their attitudes or actions. They are not aware that arousal is due to dissonance |
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Term
| Amnesia and Cognitive Dissonance |
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Definition
| Study shows that rationalization is something that is not a conscious process, but something that happens automatically |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that people do not take into account situational factors very often. People should not make judgments about people who wrote pro-Castro essays, but had no choice, yet people still judge them as being pro-Castro |
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Term
| Inaccurate Theories of Situational Influence |
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Definition
| Shows that we have very bad theories about how strong situational pressures are. Compliance was much higher than expected, because we typically don't take into account situational pressures |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that when we see a woman looking anxious, we immediately assume she is an anxious person, only after taking into account to we correct our estimate, but it is not nearly enough of a correction |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows that the expected utility theory is incorrect, because we do not treat losses loom larger than gains |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that in certain situations we ignore facts that reveal something about the situation and go with our instinct, which is wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows that two events are always less likely to occur than one single event, event if it doesn't appear so. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that we anchor on a certain fact, that is not always correct, and we adjust our perspective from there |
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Term
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Definition
| Study showed that there is something embedded within us that makes us prejudiced and create stereotypes. Implicit! |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that when provided with a stereotypical label along with consistent stereotypes, our recall is better. Not only that, but we end up doing better on other tasks because we are not cognitively busy |
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Term
| How Aggressive was That Punch? |
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Definition
| Study reveals that with ambiguous situations,we are more likely to stereotype, use schemas, and use subjective construal |
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Term
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Definition
| This study shows that over a period of time people conformed to each others beliefs and agreed on what distance the dot on the wall had moved |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that subjects conformed by saying that one of the lines was the right choice, when they clearly knew that was the wrong answer, because they feared someone knew something they did not |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that social pain feels and looks like regular pain, thus our attempts to fit in make sense. Rejection increases conformity |
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Term
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Definition
| Reveals that when we are with other people, we are less likely to help out someone in need. Diffusion of responsibility largely accounts for this |
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Term
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Definition
| Study shows that people are much more likely to realize, or acknowledge that something is wrong if they are alone than if they are with a group of people. |
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Term
| Which Way is the Subway Going? |
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Definition
| This study shows that when we feel personally responsible for a situation, we are more likely to help. Once again shows that when we risk being blamed, we help |
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