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| evenrs that involves mental processes and mentral contents of the mind |
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| events that involve the activities structure and properties of the brain itself; including, the brain cells and their connections |
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| events that involve relationships between people, groups, and culture. such relationships can be one of love between two people, a ritual between cultures. |
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| the science of the mind and behavior |
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| the outwardly observable acts in a person, either alone or in a group |
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| an approach to understanding mental events that focus on the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. emphasizes overall patterns of thoughts and experiences |
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| the school of psychology that assumes people have positive values, free will, creativity, the comvination of which allows them to choose life fulfilling paths to personal growth |
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| the school of psychology that sought to identify the basic elements of consciousness and to descrive the rules and circumstances under which these elements combine to form mental structures |
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| the school of psychology that sought to understand how the mind helps the individual to adapt to the world around them, to function effectively in it. |
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| an intense form of therapy that is directly connected to Freud's theory of personality and on the idea that psychological difficulties are cuased by unconscious conflicts/behavior |
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| the school of psychology that focuses on how a specific stimulus evokes a specific response |
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| an aspect of a situation that can vary or change; specifically, a characteristic of a substance, quantity, or entity that is measurable. |
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| careful description or numerical measurements of a phenomenon |
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| a group that is deawn from a larger population, which is measured and observed |
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| a tentative idea that might explain a set of observations |
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| a definition of a concept that specifies how it is measured or manipulated. It is also the prcise meaning of a term used to describe a variable |
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| the aspect of the situation that is measured as the values of an independent variable are changed |
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| the aspect of the situation that is deliverately and independently varied while another is measured |
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| varies along with the independent variables of interest |
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| a set of operations that work together to carry out a function. |
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| knowledge, beliefs, desires, and feels |
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| specialized cell that receives processes and sends info |
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| a nerve cell that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the centralnervous system. |
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| a nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or othereffector. |
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| any neuron having its cell body, axon, and dendrites entirely withinthe central nervous system, especially one that conveys impulsesbetween a motor neuron and a sensory neuron. |
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| the central part of a neuron which contains the nucleus |
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| the sending end of the neuron; the long cablelike structure extending from the cell body |
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| a structure at the end of the brand of an axon that can release chemicals into the space between neurons |
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| the reelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons |
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the spinal cord and the brain
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| the autonomic nervous system and the sensory-somatic nervous system. allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears and mouth and allows the brain to control muscle and glands of the body |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| readies teh body to get in the postion to acts. such as the fight or flight. |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
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| sensory somatic nervous system |
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| art of the peripheral nervous system that consists of neurons in the sensory organs that convey info to the brain as well as neurons that actually trigger muscles and glands |
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| causes to become sluggish |
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| the result of neural responses that occur after physical energy stimulates a receptor cell (such as those at the back of the eye, in the ear, on the skin) but before the stimulus is organized and interpreted by the brain |
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| the result of neural processes that organize (such as by specifying a particular shape0 and interpret (such as by identifying the object) information conveyed by sensory signals |
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| he field in which researchers study the relation between physical events and the corresponding experience of those events |
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| the point at which stimuli activate receptor cells strongly enough to be sensed |
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| the magnitude of the stimulus needed, on average, for an observer to detect it half the time it is present |
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| just noticeable difference |
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| the size of the difference in a stimulus characteristic needed for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli or a change in a single stimulus |
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the rule that the same percentage of a agnitude must be present in order to detect a difference between two stimuli or a change in a single stimulus
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| trichromatic theory of color vision |
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| the theory that color vision arises from the combinations fo signals from three different kinds of sensors, each of which responds maximally to a different range of wavelengths |
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| a procedure in which participants hear different stimuli presented separately to eat of the two ears (through headphones) and are instructed to listen only to sounds presented to one ear |
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| Russian physiologist conducted a 'conditioned reflex' experiment, which made dogs drool at the sound of a bell. |
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| the proponent of functionalism |
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| founded the first psychology lab in germany |
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| proponent of gestalt psycholofy |
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| believed the eyes produced rays in order to see |
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| a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that causes a reflexive behavior, and, in time, this neutral stimulus is sufficient to elicit--draw out from the animal-- that behavior |
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| unconditioned stimulus and response |
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| stimulus that elicits an automatic response/ the reflextive or automatice response elicited |
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| conditioned stimulus and response |
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| an originally neutral stimulus that comes to produce a response evoked by a US after it has been paired enough times with that US/ a response that depends on pairing the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stumulus ; once learned, the response to the us now occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone |
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| the process by which a stimulus and response become associated with the consequences of making the response |
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| reinforcement given immediatelyafter the desired response is exhibited |
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| reinforcement given for responses only when they areproduced after a fixed time |
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| reinforcement given for responses produced after a variable time. |
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balance, smooth movement, and posture |
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"central switching station" – relays incoming sensory information (except olfactory) to the brain |
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controls the autonomic nervous system, and therefore maintains the body’s homeostasis, which we will discuss later (controls body temperature, metabolism, and appetite. Translates extreme emotions into physical responses. |
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emotional expression, particularly the emotional component of behavior, memory, and motivation
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attaches emotional significance to information and mediates both defensive and aggressive behavior
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involved more in memory, and the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory |
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motor cortex) motor behavior, expressive language, higher level cognitive processes, and orientation to person, place, time, and situation
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(somatosensory Cortex) involved in the processing of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
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(visual cortex) interpretation of visual information
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(auditory cortex) receptive language (understanding language), as well as memory and emotion |
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