Study of how we perceived information, how we learn and remeber, how we acquire and use language, and how we solve problems.

(how thoughts are organized)

Study of the lings among brain, mind, and behavior.

Brain=Structure

Mind= use

Medication.

Study of the connections between bodily systems and chemicals, and their relationship to behavior and thought

Study of what makes people uniqure and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations

Personality traits/disorders

Study of how the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feelings, and behavior.

Interactions with others

Bystander Effect

Study of the treatmetn of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and ways to promote psychological health

More severe

Study of the role that psychological factors play in psychical health and ilness

Hospital settings

Industrial- Focuses on selecting workers, matching employees to jobs and evaluating job performance.

Organizational- Focuses on worker satisfaction, performance, and productivity, by examining management styles and work enviroment.

• Shamans, medicine men or women
• treated problems by driving out deams with exorcisims, prayer, ect
• Might use Trephination

1. Drilling a small hole in persons skull to release demons
2. relief from brain tumor

Ancient Chinese-made connections between bodily organs and emotions

Ancient Egyptians and Greeks-used narcotics to treat pain

Supernatural causes blamed again

Asylums (16th Century)- horrible conditions movements for moral treatment.

All knowledge and thoughts come from experience.

John Locke (blank slate)

First scientific form of psychology.

Laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations

Argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior.

Theory of psychology that promotes personal growht and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential

Inherently good.

New Humanistic Theory

Scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy adn positive psychological functioning

Cognitivism

Getsalt Psychology

1. Physical
2. Biological
3. Social

O

P

T

I

C

Observe

Predict

Test

Interpret

Communicate

Meta-Analysis

When many genes interact to create a single characteristic.

Very common.

Peripheral Nervous System

1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System

1. Controls muscle contraction (voluntary)
2. Controls breathing heart rate, ect. Parasympathetic nervous system (Invouluntary)

The glue that holds the nervous system together

Maintains body homeostasis, protect neurons, makes myelin

Cells that process and transmit information in the nervous system.

Building blocks.

information tranvles within a neron in the form of an electical signal

Picks up information from other neurons

Terminal button

Synaptic cleft

Carry commands for movement.

Mirror Neurons

Communcate only with other neurons

most common type

Na+ Outside-> In

and

K+ Inside-> Out

Tiny sacs in the terminal buttons that contain neurotransmitters.

Send messages to other neurons.

Two ways to remove excess neurotransmitters from synaptic cleft!

1. Enymatic Degradation

2. Reuptake!

Medulla

Pons

Cerebellum

Connection between hindbrain and mid/forbrain

Involved in both sleep and arousal

AKA Little brain

Aww. :]

involved in learning and language development

Involved in mother coordination and fine motor skills.

MidBrain

Reticular Formation

goes thru the hindbrain and the midbrain

involved in arousal and heaviors that we do everyday.

Forebrain

Thalamus

sensory relay station

takes sensory information and relays it to the cerebral cortex

smell is the only sensory system that doesn't use the thalamus.

Hypothalamus

Hippocamus

Amygdala

Cingulategyrus

Basal Ganglia

regulates major drives.

hunger, thirst, yadda yadda yadda

Attention and behavioral control

malfunctioning in people with schizophrenia

Voluntary motor control

damaged in disorderst that go along with impared movements.

(Parkinsons Disease)

Frontal lobe

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Occpital Lobe

attention, planning, social awareness, creative problem solving

(Phinneas Gage's Injury!)

outler layer of the brain

planning perception and conciousness take place here.

What makes us human.

Damage to this area can result in problems with speech comprehension

May speek gramatically and rhythmically but do not understand language

Arborization

grown and formation of new dendrites

more and different connections between neurons

Records electrical activity

shows when brain activity occurs but not where

MRI

Magetic Resonance Imaging

A physical process

stimulation of our sense organs

process of receiving information not making sense of it.

A psychological process of organizing and interpreting sensory experience

making sense of it.

Conversion of physical into neural information

process that occurs between sensation and perception

has photo receptors

Rods- black and white

Cones- color

concentrated on Macula (fovea)

Transmits signals from the eye to the brain

Made up of the axons and ganglion cells

Respond to specific information

shapes, lines, angles

only in middle of receptive field

receive info from many simple cells.

fire in response to an object in any part of the visual field.

help our brain to distinguish between real movement and false movement.

Only fire when the object moves, not the eye.

color that we experience results from a mixing of three colors of light, red, green, and blue.

cones linked together in three color pairs that oppose one another, so that the activation of one in each pair inhibits activity in the other.

Blue/yellow

Red/green

Black/white

Pinnae-ear lobe

Auditory Canal

Tympanic Membrane-ear drum

Middle Ear

3 tiny bones

Hammer

Anvil

Stirrup

Semicircular canals- assist with balance

Cochlea- basilar membrane and hair cells.

From conception to 2 weeks

30-50% of pregnancies end during this stage.

2 weeks to 8 weeks

formation of major organs

from 8 weeks until birth

formation of bone cells

heartbeat is detectable between 8 and 12 weeks

Embryonic Stage

Movements of neurons from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent destination

3 to 5 months of the fetal stage

absent until age 1.

protects the brain from toxions.

biological based tendency to behave in certain ways from very eary in life.

Thought to be more nature than nurture.

stems from temperament.

involved behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.

Can be affected by parental personality but more based on experience than temperament.

Grasping

Rooting-Mouth directed towards fingers/breasts.

Moro- response to being scared. Enlarged eyes and arms and legs go out to catch themselves.

coordination of smaller muscles

often assessed using drawing skills

five major senses develop at different rates.

Experience is critical

Degradation of synapses and dying off of neurons that are not strengthened by experience.

Slows down after age six then slowes even more after adolescence.

Continues throughout life span.

Age 0-2

infants learn about the world by using their senses by moving their body.

Age 2-5.

Begins witht he emergence of symbolic thought

Age 6-11.

limitations of the preoperational stage are overcome.

age 12 and up.

Reasoning about abstract concepts and problems become possible

Easy Child 40%

Diffcult child 10%

Slow to warm up to child 15%

Phase sensitive learning.

Occurs in lower animals but not human beings.

Follow what's around them. Learning right @ birth. Very Important.

emotinoal connection between an infant and his/her caregivers.

Seperation Anxiety.

Avoidant-absence of obvious distress during separation.

Resistant- difficultingbeing comforted and may be actively resist contact with parent.

Disorganized/Disoriented-inconsistent behaviors and demonstrates possible fear of the parent.

Mimicry of others.

Development of emotions

First ejaculation.

18-25

A transitional time between adolescence and young adulthood.

3 important issues.

1. career identity

2. sexual identity

3. ethnic identity

(Mid 20s)

Begins with key tasks of emerging adulthood have been completed.

Marriage

Parenthood.

Heightened awareness at the moment.

We very rarely do this in everyday lives.

From stages 1 - 4.

Theta waves and Delta waves