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| from stress that leads to elevated heart pressure, clogging the vessels, linked to pessimism |
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| competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally aggressive |
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| similar to type A, competitive, intense, anger prone, |
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| psychophysiological illness |
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| ny stress related illness such as hypertension and some headaches |
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| where health effects of physiological, neural and endocrine processes on immune system are studied |
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| linked to colds and accelerates HIV to AIDS |
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| *stress doesn't create cancer cells |
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| stress could progress cancer, avoiding stress and hopeful attitude doesn't cure cancer |
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| heart disease, immune supression, autonomic nervous system effects(headache, hypertension) |
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| begins by preventing illness |
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| reducing stress by changing events that cause stress or by changing how we react to stress |
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| when we can't change a stressfuk situation, and we respond by attending to our own emotional needs |
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| thinking we have no control over stress we create more health problems, be positive, social support |
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| measures physiological responses from electronical device |
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| spirituality and faith communities |
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| regular religious attendance longer lifespan |
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| unconcious nervous disorders, unconscious mind, and free diss'n |
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| resevoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes,memories |
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| Freud asked patients whatever comes to mind in order to tap into unconscious mind |
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| manifest and latent contents |
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| chain of thoughts leads to embarassing unsconscious memories and makes patients feel better to get off chest |
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| is like and iceberg hidden and below is the unconscious mind. preconscious mind hols temporary memories |
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| satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operating on pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification |
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| functions as executive and mediates demand btw id and superego |
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| provides standards for judgment(conscience) and for future aspirations |
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| Frued believed personality formed in first few years of life in many stages oral 0-18 months, anal 18-36 mths, 3-6 yrs phallic,6 to puberty latency, puberty genital |
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| boys want to be just like their dad and vice versa friend says rival feelings make them want to be like dad to get to mom |
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| boy's desire for his mother, jealousy and hated for rival father opposite is Electra complex |
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| repression, regression, reaction formation, progression, rationalization, displacement |
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| banishes anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories from consciousness |
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| anxiety state and act like a kid |
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| express feelings of purity when they have anxiety from unconscious feelings of sex |
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| lie that someone else has your feelings |
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| justify reasons for thoughts |
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| take anger out on wrong person |
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| inferiority complex of children, trying to grow and be better but feel inferior to parents |
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| believed in social aspects of childhood growth and development. she said women have weak superego b/c "penis envy" |
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| collective unconscious, each new generation is born with preset unconscious ideas archetypes in collective unconscious |
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| for personality, ambiguous pictures, Rorshach Ink Blot test |
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| *entries argue projective tests lack reliability and validity |
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1) even trained raters come up with different results
2)misdiagnose normal individuals as pathological |
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| develops through lifespan, verbal slips cognitive of verbal choices supressed sexuality leads to psychological disorders |
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| says repression happens with negative events, proven not true |
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| Big names in humanistic psychology didn't like behaviorists |
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| self-actualization, esteem, belonging/love, safety, physiological |
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| has person centered perspective with conditional positive regard-acceptance of others despite their feelings, fails to realize humanistic capacity for evil |
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| individuals self conscious |
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| durable dispositions and consistent behaviors |
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| statistical procedure of majority of people's traits |
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| brain is working slower and looks to seek thrills vice versa |
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| may be related to Autonomic Nervous Activity |
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| questionaires(T or F) designed to gauge a wide range og feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once MMPI most widely used for IDing personality disorders |
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| *Eensynck's personality dimensions, Big Five Factors |
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| consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion |
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| generalized anxiety disorder |
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| persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension, autonomic arousal, inability to ID or avoid cause of certain feelings |
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| minutes long episodes of intense dread with terror, chest pains, choking, or other fighting sensations, multiple panic attacks during da, and worrying of future panic attacks |
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| fear of open places without access to help |
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| persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior, interferes with life and disrupts progress |
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| persistence of unwanted thought(obssessions)and urges to engage in senseless rituals(compulsions)that cause distress |
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| 4+ weeks of thinking you or someone else is in extreme danger,combat stress,rape victims,natural disasters |
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| 1)haunting memories 2)nightmares 3)social withdrawal 4)jumpy anxiety 5)sleep problems 10%women 30%men react to trauma |
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| leads to anxiety because assoc'd with other objects or events(stimulus generalization)occurs(fear of spider leads to fear of all insects) fear can be acquired from other person's fear |
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| fear snakes animals but not guns bc of history |
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| conscious awareness bc seperated(diss'd) from previous memories,thoughts and feelings.this is Muliple Personality Disorder, having a sense of being unreal, spereated from body |
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| DID increased in late 20th century has not been found in other countries, arguements role playing by people to open a therapist's says yes to them, learned response that reinforces reductions in anxiety |
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| major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders |
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| 5.8% men and 9.5% women report depression |
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| signs lethargy and fatigue,feelings of worthlessness,loss of interest in family and friends,loss of interest in activities |
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| lies btw blue mood and MDD, daily depression 2yrs+ |
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| aka manic depressive disorder, cycles last 2 days or a week |
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| hypomania(manic for a week but doesn't harm your thought process) |
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| elation euphoria but still dips desire for action too many ideas |
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| positively affect creativity |
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| depressive episodes do self terminate, stressful events of a precede depression, depression increasing, esp. in teens |
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| national diff's, racial, gender, age, statistics span across heavy things, more men commit suicide b/c of more deadly means more women attempt suicide |
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| lit up compared to depressed brain |
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| stressful experiences-->negative explanatory style-->depressed mood-->cognitive disorders |
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| means split mind, split from reality, word salad conversations ot clay(rhyming) |
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| 1)disorganized and disillusional thinking 2)disturbed perceptions 3)inappropriate emotions and actions |
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| *symptoms of schizophrenia |
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| positive symptoms-prescence of inappropriate behaviors(hallucinations) neg-absence of appropriate behaviors(expressionless face, rigid bodies) selective attention-fragmented and bizarre thoughts |
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| A severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. People with depression and schizophrenia often show flat affect. A person with schizophrenia may not show the signs of normal emotion, perhaps may speak in a monotonous voice, have diminished facial expressions, and appear extremely apathetic. Also known as blunted affect. |
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| Characterized by marked motor abnormalities including immobility (catalepsy or stupor), excessive motor activity (purposeless agitation), extreme negativism, mutism, posturing or stereotyped movements, echolalia, and/or echopraxia. |
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| schizophrenia happens when? |
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| first psychotic break late teens or early 20's(1/100) short term to chronic |
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| indicative of schizophrenia |
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| schizophrenia can result from |
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| flu in fetal period, heredity |
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| inflexible and ending behavior patterns that impair social functioning, they are usually without anxiety,depression,or delusions, eg narcississtic personality disorders,borderline personality disorder |
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| aka sociopath ot psychopath, doesn't know why stealing or killing is bad, kids hurt animals, start fires, few friends |
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| traits are enduring but can depend on diff situation |
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| traits influence health thinking performance |
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| believes personality is result of interaction btw person and their social environment |
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| situations and how we react to events |
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| social psychologists want to know whether we control environment or let environment control us |
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| *external locus of control |
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| perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate |
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| *internal locus of control |
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| perception we control our own fate |
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| learned helplessness theory |
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| uncontrollable bad events-->perceieved lack of control-->generalized helpless behavior |
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| big name in positive psych |
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| predict behavio in diff situations, you can't predict behavior b/c people change |
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| research on diff selves we process, research involves how we overestimate our concern that others evaluate our appearance, performance, blunders(spotlight effect) |
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| Maslow and Rogers on esteem |
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| healthy life, from healthy self esteem, low self esteem view ourselves and others more critically |
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| accept responsibility for good deeds and failures |
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| less dependent on external evaluation |
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| in all cultures, 2 psych disorders |
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| depression and schizophrenia |
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| psych disorder characteristics |
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| persisitently harmful thoughts, feelinfs,actions, deviant, distressful and dysfunctional |
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| exorcism, cagepit,beatings, burnings, castrated, mutilated, transfuse with animal blood, trephination-drill holes in skull |
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| insisted madness was not demonic possession but an ailment of the mind |
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| diagnostical or statistical manual of mental disorders |
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| (2000) 400 psych disorders, determines how prevalent disorer is |
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| diagnosis on 5 axis system |
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1)clinal syndrome(can be changed by us)2)personality disorder mental retardation(unchanging)
3)general medical condition
4)psycosocial or environmental problems(school or housing issues, divorce, new house)
5)global assessment grade of score |
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| *pros of labeling psych disorders |
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1)patient relieved with info
2)come up with treatment plan
3)helpful for healthcare prof's when communicating with one another |
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| *cons of labeling psych disorders |
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1)stereotypes of the people
2)used in excess
3)follows your health insurance applying
4)insanity is a legal term for commiting crimes, not psychological |
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