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| the subfield that attempts to explain how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings, and behaviour of indivduals |
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| the tenddency for an overall impression of another to be influnced more by the first information that is received about that person than by information that comes later |
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| physical or geographic closenss; a major influence on attraction |
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| the tendency to feel more positively toward a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it |
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| the tendency to assume that a person has generally positive or negative traits as a result of observing one major positive or negative trait |
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| the notion that people to tend to have lovers or spouse who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness and other assests |
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| changing or adopting a behavior or an attitude in an effort to be consistent with the social norms of a group or the expectations of other people |
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| eight male participants were seated around a large table and asked, one by one to tell the experimenter which of the three lines matched the standard line. |
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| the attitudes and standards of behavior expected of members of particular group |
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| the tendency for members of a tightyl knit group to be more concerned with preserving group solidarit and uniformity than with objectively evaulatinmg all alternatives in decision making |
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| obedience and milgram obedience experiment |
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| conducted a variation of the original experiment: each trial involved three teachers, two of whom were confedrates and the others, a naive participant |
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| socially defined behaviors considered appropriate for indivduals occupying certain positions within a given group |
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| stimulated the prison evvironment by randomly assigning participants to the social roles of prison guard and imates. The social roles influenced the participants' behavior: the prisoners, and the person guards, like real prison guard |
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| the unplesant state that can occur when people become aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and their behavior |
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| behavior that benefits others, such as helping, cooperation, and sympathy |
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| behavior that is aimed at helping another, requires some self-sacrifice, and is not performed for personal gain |
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| diffusion of responibility |
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| the feeling among bystanders at an emergency that the responsibility for helping is shared by the group, making each person feel less compelled to act than if her or she alone bore the total responsibility |
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| the social factor that affects prosical behaviorL as the number of bystanders at an emegrgency increases, the probability that the victim will received help decreases, and the help, if given, is likely to be delayed |
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| the tendency to put forth less effort when working with others on a common task than when working alone |
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| widely shared beliefs about the characterisitics traits, attitudes, and behavior of memebers of various social groups. All alike |
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| attitudes toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group |
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| behavior directed toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membershop in a particular group |
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| realistic conflict theory |
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| the view that as competition increases among social groups for scarce resources, so do prejudice, discrimationm and hatred |
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| social group with a strong sense of togetherness, from which others are excluded |
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| social group made up of individuals specifically identified by the in-group as not belonging |
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| the mental processes that people use to notice, the interpret, and remember information about the social world |
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