Term
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Definition
| the process of encoding, storage, consolidationg, and retrieval of information |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of keeping or maintaining information in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a physiological change in the brain that allows encoded information to be stored in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| memory system that codes informationg according to sound and holds about seven (from 5-9 words) items for less than 30 seconds without rehearsal; also called working memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the memory system with a virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of person's permanent or relatively permanent memories |
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Term
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Definition
| the event that occurs when short-term memory is filled to capacity and each new, incoming item pushes an existing item, which is then forgotten |
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Term
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Definition
| memory strategy that involves grouping or organzing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating information over and over again until it is no longer needed |
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Term
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Definition
| memory strategy that involves relating new information to something that is already known |
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Term
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Definition
| subsystem within long-term memory that stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated; also called explicit memory |
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Term
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Definition
| type of declarative memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced |
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Term
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Definition
| type of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, or objective facts and information |
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Term
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Definition
| subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditoned responses; also called implicit memory |
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Term
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Definition
| memory task in which a person must produce required information by searching memory |
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Term
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Definition
| any stimulus or bits of information that aids in retrieving particular information from long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encountered before |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of memory in which retention is experessed as the percentage of time saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn the material originally |
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Term
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Definition
| an account of an event that has been pieced together from a few highlights, using information hat may or may not be accurate |
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Term
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Definition
| the integrated frameworks of knowledge and assumptions a person has about people, objects, and events, which affect how the person encodes and recalls information |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely vivid memory of the conditions surround one's first hearing the news of a surprising, shocking, or highly emotional event |
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Term
| state-dependent memory effect |
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Definition
| tendency to recall information better if one is in the same pharmacological or psychological state as when the information was encoded |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the efficiency of neural transmission at the synapses that lasts four hour or longer |
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Term
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Definition
| cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| any disruption in the consolidation process that prevents a long-term memory from forming |
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Term
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Definition
| oldest theory of forgetting, which holds that memories, if not used, fade with time and ultimately disappear altogether |
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Term
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Definition
| cause of forgetting that occurs because information or associations stored either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting through suppression or repression in an effort to protet oneself from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasant |
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Term
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Definition
| completely removing unpleasant memories from one's consciousness, so that one is no longer aware that a painful event occured |
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Term
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Definition
| practicing or studying material beyond the point where it can be repeated once without error |
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Term
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Definition
| learning in one long practice session without rest periods |
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Term
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Definition
| learning in short practice sessions with rest periods in between |
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