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Definition
| create a hospitable intrauterine environment for fetal development, ensure timely birth, and provide substance for the infant through lactation, but also orchestrate a set of neural systems to ensure maternal nurturing, bonding and protection of young |
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| steroid receptor-rich medial preoptic area (MPOA) |
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Definition
| senses the course of pregnancy by monitoring changes in steroid hormone concentrations, and is likely the region responsible for the transition from pup aversion to attraction at parturition through suppressing the amygdala to anterior hypothalamic and enhancing mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways |
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| a visceral somatosensory cortex that represents not only the state of one’s own body but also what others are feeling and the right anterior insula may be where we become aware of those feelings |
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Definition
| critically involved in emotional empathy |
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| involved in regulating the initial negative emotional response to infant crying |
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- dirsupting this disrupts maternal behaviour
- has to do with attachment |
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| low testosterone and smaller testes |
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Definition
| more involved and facilitate paternal caregiving by showing more empathy towards the child |
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| post-instituionalized children |
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Definition
| have larger amygdala volumes than children not raised in orphanages, and amygdala volume is positively correlated with both anxiety symptoms and internalizing problems |
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| collection of interconnected brain nuclei; hippocampus and amygdala |
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| during the seizures people remain conscious while experiencing a range of psychomotor symptoms brought by electrical storms ; can cause hallucinations & disconnected feelings of déjà vu & mind-body dissociation are common |
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| association with early maltreatment |
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Definition
| reductions in the size of the hippocampus and smaller amygdala |
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| specializes in perceving and expressing language |
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| (e.g. working memory, inhibitory control) are mediated by the prefrontal cortex and associated with optimal cognitive and socio-emotional development |
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| executive function deficits |
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Definition
| associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and early on-set disorders, such as adhd, autism, and phenylketonuria |
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Definition
- linked with harsher, more reactive caregiving int he face of challenging child behaviours
- causes a stressful environment for the child and affects their EF |
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Definition
- impairs skill learning
- decreases the number of new spines created |
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Definition
- enhances oscillations in the brain's electrical activity which occur during deep sleep
- increases strength in synapses |
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| securely attached individuals |
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Definition
| have greater cognitive flexibility giving them the ability to recall both positive and negative events |
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| associated with long-term memory. It has been shown to mediate episodic memories within a spatial and or temporal context |
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Definition
| critical for forming associations between an emotional context and an individual stimulus |
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| aristole explanation of memory |
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Definition
| impressions made by putting a seal or ring signature on a layer of heated wax, which becomes hardened and fixed as the wax cools. Gradually, memories become less plastic and more permanent. |
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Term
| glucocorticoids or cortisol |
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Definition
| end product of the HPA axis; considered the gold standard of stress hormone research as they provide a non-invasive window for evaluating brain function |
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| GC's target 2 specific types of GC receptors: |
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Definition
| mineralcorticoids (MR) and glucocorticoid (GRs) |
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| individual differences in memory recognition or memory recall |
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Definition
| related to temperament, emotion and gender |
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| activation of this is linked to better attention, faster habituation to novelty, better memory recognition and greater expression and regulation of negative affect |
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| Porges proposes that parasympathetic activity plays an important role in the coordination of physiological and behavioural response systems, which are needed to maintain homeostasis and enhance growth as well as mobilize energy needed to respond to changes in the environment |
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