Term
| biology x environment interactions |
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Definition
| Biological acts differently depending on the environment or the environment cues act differently depending on the biology |
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Term
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Definition
o Exposure to more stressful events that requires greater adaptation
Divorce, job, loss, death of relatives
o A state that occurs when you feel like you’re no longer in control and don’t have resources to meet demands |
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Term
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Definition
| Ask someone to rank themselves in society |
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Term
| types of adverse childhood experienes |
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Definition
abuse - physical, sexual, emotional
neglect - physical, emotional
drug or alcohol abuse
mentally ill person in the home
witnessing domestic violence
incarceration of a family member
loss of parent to death, abandonment, or divorce |
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Term
| buffering child from toxic stress |
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Definition
o Provide responsive relationships children need to develop healthy brain architecture
o Create a stable/healthy environment
o Create policies that address unemployment, violence, poverty, mental health, substance abuse, child care, etc
o Appropriate interventions that mitigate impacts of early adversity |
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Term
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Definition
| brief increase in heart rate with small, temporary elevations in stress hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| more serious tress buffered by supportive relationships |
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Term
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Definition
prolonged activation of the stress response system without supportive adults to help
o Accumulation of ACE
o Pervasive stress producing conditions (poverty) |
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Term
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Definition
| o Executive function, develops slowly, how we think |
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Term
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Definition
| o Emotional perception, develops fast, responds to emotional stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| o Memory, regulation of HPA, keeps track of experiences, influences how amygdala responds |
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Term
| developmental systems theory (DST) |
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Definition
| - Reciprocal relations between organisms and environment and genes and experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| an emergent process by which an organism’s structure and function change from relatively undifferentiated states to increasingly specialized, differentiated forms throughout ontogeny |
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Term
| assumption 1: predetermined epigenesis |
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Definition
- Everything we become is known in advance
o All info is in our genes
o Developmental outcomes reflect the expression of pre-existing forms |
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Term
| assumption 2: heredity as gene |
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Definition
| - Genes are exclusive vehicles by when these instructions are faithfully transmitted from one generation to the next |
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Term
| assumption 3: genes encapsulated |
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Definition
| - No meaningful feedback from environment or experience of organism to the genes |
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Term
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Definition
o Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) Hypothalamus
o Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) -> pituitary
o Glucocorticoids (GC) – Adrenal Cortex |
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Term
| Glucocorticoids Functions |
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Definition
o Increase sugar in blood (via gluconeogenesis)
o Increase metabolism of fat, protein and carb
o Decrease bone growth and suppress immune function |
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Term
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Definition
i remember
i recall learning to ride a bike, a phone number, the voice of the man who attacked me |
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Term
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Definition
body remembers/not consciousness
my body rememebers how to a ride a bike; my fingers know how to dial the number; my heart remembers the voice of the man who attacked me |
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Term
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Definition
conduct intended to help or benefit other people
o Includes sharing, caring, comforting, cooperating, helping, sympathizing, and performing random acts of kindness |
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Term
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Definition
intrinsically motivated conduct intended to help others without expectation of acknowledgement or reward
o Often anonymous
o Ex. Guy who saved the other guy from the train |
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Term
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Definition
| facial expression, attention (head turning), vocalization, listening |
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Term
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Definition
| fight/flight behaviours, tantrums, meltdowns |
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Term
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Definition
| feigning death, vasovagal syncope, behavioural and physiological shutdowns |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to feel and express emotions similar to and influenced by those of others |
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Term
| physical proximity increases |
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Definition
o Survival (reproductive fitness)
o Feeding
o Learning about environment
o Social interaction |
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Term
| attachment behaviours that increase physical proximity |
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Definition
o Communicative (smiling, vocalizing)
o Aversive (crying)
o Active (approaching and following) |
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Term
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Definition
| - Maximum distance observed between infants and mothers of primate species at various ages |
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Term
| what activates attachment behaviour |
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Definition
- Greater distance from caregiver
- Stress or frightening stimuli
- Fatigue and illness |
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Term
| what deactivates attachment behaviour |
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Definition
- Physical proximity
- Caregiver as a safe haven
o Comfort
o Support |
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Term
| frightened/frightening hypothesis |
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Definition
o Infants wouldn’t run straight to parent in a scary situation
o Care giver appeared frightened or frightening to the child
o Child concerned if there is danger and put in a bad/confusing situation (conflict) (wasn’t sure it was a safe haven |
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Term
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Definition
o Separation and reunion and stranger
o Emotional challenging of negotiating separation and reunion and novelty of the setting and experience can induce fear and activate HPA axis
Salivary cortisol collected for HPA responses |
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Term
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Definition
parent responds and infants smiles during play
- When infant becomes upset; parents derived infants attention |
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Term
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Definition
| parent demands attention and infant looks away and not positive during play and parent responds more contingently after emotional challenge |
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Term
| multiple hidden regulators |
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Definition
- Specific physiological responses that are regulated by specific features of parent-infant interaction
- Possibly learning to associated each of those specific features to a physiological response |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon in which kidnapping victims develop positive emotional bonds with their captors |
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Term
| nature x nurture interactions |
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Definition
- Natural selection future environment is uncertain
o Variation in individual characteristics enhances reproductive success
o Family benefits by having one of children survived/succeed regardless of changes in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
- Produced in hypothalamus
- Released into bloodstream by nearby pituitary gland
o Signals uterus to contract during birth
o Stimulates release for milk for nursing
- Hypothesized to play a role in
o Sexual activity, social recognition, pair bonding, maternal behaviour, anxiety, social symptom cure |
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Term
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Definition
| attention, motivation, reward |
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Term
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Definition
| a knowledge power relation in which life becomes the object of political strategy; it’s a productive power, it seeks ‘control of life and the biological processes of man as species and of ensuring that they’re not disciplined but regularized’, concerning itself with the governing of the life processes of populations |
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Term
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Definition
- (1) parents is one of the most conserved behavioral systems in mammals
- (2) mothers make up ¼ of the NA population [more than 100million – 11-20% new mothers suffer post-partum depression]
- (3) mothers invest in a huge amount of resources to their children at great personal costs |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones of pregnancy trigger changes not only in the brain regions governing maternal behavior but also in areas that regulate memory and learning; |
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Term
| 3 behaviours that are common during free play |
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Definition
| o Watching, demanding (snap fingers to get eye contact), responsiveness |
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