Term
| conditional discriminations |
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Definition
| discriminations in which the role of one stimulus depends on others that provide its context |
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Definition
| If an error occurs in matching to sample, a ______ is frequently implemented. Essentially, the organism is exposed to the same choice trial again |
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Definition
| when we arrange it such that responses to the stimulus that is not like the sample produce reinforcers |
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Definition
| refers to a preference for one alternative over another, even when that alternative is not associated with programmed reinforcers |
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Definition
| a type of responding in which there is no point to point correspondence for the sample stimulus and the "correct response" |
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Definition
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Definition
| the order of the terms is reversible; if A = B, then B = A |
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Term
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Definition
| common terms in two ordered pairs determine a third ordered pair; if A = B, and B = C, then A = C |
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Term
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Definition
| A, B, and C represent members of an ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| A history in which responses are not reinforced when subjects are exposed to aversive consequences. When responses will really do something later, subjects exposed to continuous shock will learn escape and avoidance responses more slowly. |
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Term
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Definition
| in order to say that this has occurred, a series of three relationships must be present in the equivalence class (reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity) |
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Term
| schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
| prescriptions for arranging reinforcing consequences with respect to operant behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Interest in schedules of reinforcement can be traced to the work of _______ in the mid 1930s |
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Term
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Definition
| Prior to Skinner, only the ______ of schedules were studied |
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Term
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Definition
| The utility of schedules lies mainly in their ability to produce _____ and predictable patterns of behavior across a variety of different circumstances |
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Definition
| Critchfield et al. evaluated 52 years of congressional bill enactment and found that most of the work occurred _______ scheduled meetings |
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Definition
| description of the contingency (e.g., every 2 R will produce a reinforcer) |
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Definition
| description of the behavior patterns produced by contact with the schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common measure of schedule performance is its ______ of occurrence |
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Definition
| Useful in the analysis of schedule patterns is a ______ which generates a graph of cumulative R frequency over time and in relation to the schedules variables |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement upon completion of a specific number of responses |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement of the first response after some period of time has elapsed |
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Definition
| reinforcement simply after some period of time has elapsed |
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Term
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Definition
| the last of a specified number of responses is reinforced (the # is always the same) |
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Term
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Definition
Key features of ____ reinforcement:
high rate of responding
post reinforcement pause (PRP) controlled by the size of the ____
possible strain if schedule requirement is too big |
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Term
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Definition
| the last of a specified # of responses is reinforced, the number varies from one reinforcer to the next, but revolves around some average value (ex: gambling, getting a nail into a board) |
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Term
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Definition
key features of ______ reinforcement:
~highest rate of responding of all simple schedules
~No PRP |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of R required for reinforcers increases (or decreases) after each reinforcer delivery |
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Term
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Definition
Key features of _______:
~cost of commodity keeps rising
~can tell you about "reinforcing value" of some stimulus (ex: Netflix, iTunes gift card, food and water) |
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Term
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Definition
| the first response after "X" period of time is reinforced (ex: looking at watch) |
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Term
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Definition
key features of ______:
~early responses in the interval have no effect
~a response must occur for reinforcer delivery
~produces "scallop" patterning |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans tend to respond throughout the interval on ____ schedules (no scalloping) |
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Term
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Definition
| the first response after "X" interval has elapsed, but the time value revolves around some average |
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Term
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Definition
key features of ________ reinforcement:
~generates slow, steady, rates of responding
~no predictability |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcers (stimuli) are delivered at set points in time, independent of behavior (response independent) |
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Term
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Definition
| same as FT, except the time interval revolves around some average value (also response independent) |
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Term
| Because when behavior occurs closely in time with reinforcers, the organism cannot detect a difference (discrimination) |
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Definition
| Why does behavior persist in a variable time schedule (sometimes)? |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcers are arranged for one organism on one schedule and reinforcers for another organism are arranged on a schedule based on the first organism's performance, but the schedule is different |
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Term
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Definition
| these are at play frequently in the "real world" With this, the reinforcer is set up (scheduled) but a response must occur in a specified period of time to produce that reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| involve combinations of simple schedules (with rules about how those schedules are put into place) |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavioral contrast is an example of a _______ schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| when two or more schedules alternate, each during a different stimulus that tells the organism that a particular set of rules is in place |
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Term
| because you don't have to respond at a high rate to achieve a reinforcer |
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Definition
| In an FR 20 VI 30 multiple schedule, why would the rate of responding be lower during VI 30? |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more schedules alternate, each during the same stimulus. the organism doesn't know how to respond based on any specific stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Is it easier to "figure out" what schedules are operating in a mixed or multiple schedule? |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation between data paths occurs quickly in ______ schedule, more slowly in ____ schedule. |
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Term
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Definition
| a different operant that functions to produce an S^D or S^delta, depending on whether reinforcement or extinction is in effect |
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Term
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Definition
| In the pigeon key pecking example, an observing response occurs when the pigeon pecks a key that allows the pigeon to check the ______ in place. |
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Term
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Definition
| In observing responses, bad news is good, but not as good as _______. |
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Term
| reinforcement; extinction |
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Definition
| Organisms will make the observing response more frequently when the stimuli are correlated with ________ and less frequently when stimuli are associated with _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to study conditioned reinforcers, reinforcers are produced by completion of two or more component schedules, each associated with a different stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| In a chained schedule using key color change, response rate is _______ when the key colors change than it is when the key color stays the same |
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Term
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Definition
| In chained schedules, a stimulus supports _________ the further it is from the end of the sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ schedule is like a mixed schedule in that there are no specific stimuli that tell you what schedule is in place. In this type, after an organism completes a schedule, they EARN the next schedule rather than a reinforcer. |
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