Term
What is Intelligence? (“general mental
ability”) |
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Definition
the existence of
systematic individual differences in the performance of tasks that involve
manipulation, retrieval, evaluation, or
processing of information. |
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Term
| What are Specific mental abilities? |
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Definition
| performance in a specific type of task |
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Term
| what are Factor Analytic Theories? |
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Definition
studies of correlations between tests
measuring varied abilities presumed to
reflect the underlying attribute of
intelligence |
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Term
| What is Spearman’s Theory of Intelligence? |
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Definition
-theory of general intelligence that proposed the existence of a general intellectual ability factor, referred to as g
-g is partially tapped by all other mental abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| represents the portion of variance that all intelligence tests have in common; the remaining portions of variance are accounted for by specific components (s) or error |
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Term
| What are the 4 Characteristics of a Good Mental Ability Test? |
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Definition
1) Broad sampling of tasks
2) Not information Tests
3) Indifference of the indicator
4) Sufficient Sample of Items |
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Term
| What does Indifference of the indicator mean? |
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Definition
| The actual content of an item should be irrelevant – because the test is designed to measure a mental process |
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Term
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Definition
-Individually Administered Test
-identifying school children who were unable to benefit from education in the public schools |
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Term
| How is The “Intelligence Quotient” calculated? |
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Definition
| Ratio IQ = Mental age/Chronological age * 100 |
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Term
| Is ratio IQ still used? If not, what is used instead? |
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Definition
| Currently, deviation IQ is used instead of ratio IQ |
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Term
| Describe The Stanford-Binet test. |
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Definition
-Equal representation on verbal and nonverbal subtests
-Examinees receive scores on each of the ten subtests (scales with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3)
-Composite scores for Full Scale, Verbal and Nonverbal IQ, reported on a scale with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 |
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Term
| What is the The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) |
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Definition
test for adults (not linked to mental age, tasks more appropriate for adults)
-Include 14 separate subtests |
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Term
| Evidence indicates that the psychometric quality of a number of tests _______ when used with the youngest examinees |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children |
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Definition
-Grounded in research in neuropsychology and cognitive psychology
-Attempts to separate fluid and crystallized intelligence |
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Term
| What is crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| acquired knowledge (e.g expressive vocabulary and verbal knowledge) |
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Term
| what are expressive vocabulary and verbal knowledge examples of? |
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Definition
| crystallized Intelligence |
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Term
| What is Fluid intelligence? |
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Definition
| -mental processing: sequential processing and simultaneous processing |
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Term
| What is sequential processing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is simultaneous processing? |
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Definition
block counting
story completion
conceptual thinking |
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Term
What are word order and
number recall
examples of? |
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Definition
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Term
What are
block counting
story completion
conceptual thinking
examples of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the K-ABC correlate with? |
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Definition
-Internal consistency reliability near .80 for individual subtests and .90 for global tests
-Positively correlated with measures of
school achievement
-Average correlation of.70 with WISC-R |
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Term
| Why use an individually administered test? |
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Definition
-Can detect subject’s general reaction or approach to testing (e.g., bored, hesitant, impulsive, anxious, confident)
-Can gather information about incorrect
responses (e.g., can shed light on problem solving abilities) |
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Term
| Individual mental testing is undertaken only by _________? |
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Definition
psychologists who have received extensive
professional training |
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Term
| What are the Advantages of Group Tests? |
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Definition
-Standardization
-Efficiency (in expense and administration) |
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Term
| What are the Disadvantages of Group Intelligence Testing? |
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Definition
-Impersonal Nature: Difficult/impossible to gather information about behaviour, No information about whyan incorrect answer given
-Test format: function measured
by multiple-choice questions have little to do with intelligence |
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Term
| What is the Army Alpha Test? |
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Definition
| Contained questions on general information, analogies, and scrambled sentences |
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Term
| What is the Army Beta Test? |
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Definition
| Designed for respondents who cannot read |
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Term
What is the General Aptitude Test Battery
(GATB)? |
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Definition
| -used by US Employment Service for make job referrals in hundreds of jobs |
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Term
| What does the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) measure? (3 factors) |
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Definition
Measures 3 general factors:
– Cognitive factor: (general learning ability, verbal ability, numerical
ability)
– Perceptual factor (spatial aptitude, form perception, clerical perception)
– Psychomotor factor (motor coordination, finger dexterity, manual
dexterity) |
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Term
What is the Multidimensional Aptitude
Battery (MAB)? |
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Definition
A machine-scoreable counterpart of the
WAIS-R
- Duplicates 10 of the 12 WAIS-R subtests |
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Term
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Definition
Bias is said to exist when a test makes
systematic errors in measurement or prediction |
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Term
If a test used in college admissions
systematically overpredicts the performance of males and underpredicts the performance of females, that test functions as a biased predictor, what is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a value judgment regarding decisions
or actions taken as a result of test scores |
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Term
| In selecting firefighters, most cities use physical ability testing. The group of applicants selected may be predominantly male, even though many females applied, what is this an example of? Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
Which Refers to test scores or to predictions based on test scores?
Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
Which refers to actions taken or decisions made?
Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is defined empirically?
Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is a value judgement regarding outcomes?
Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is defined in philosophical or political terms? Bias or Fairness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of bias? |
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Definition
-bias in measurement
-bias in prediction |
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Term
| what is bias in measurement? |
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Definition
| When the test makes systematic errors in measuring a specific characteristic or attribute |
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Term
| What type of bias is an employment interview that is scored systematically higher for attractive applicants an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of bias is a test that under-predicts performance for women in university an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Evidence for Bias in Measurement? |
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Definition
-the test measure different things for
different groups
-example: ability tests show significant correlations with criteria when used with whites, but non-significant correlations when used with minorities |
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Term
| What is evidence for Bias in Prediction? |
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Definition
| The test predicts better for one group than for another. |
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Term
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Definition
| differences in the extent to which the child being tested has had the opportunity to know and become familiar with the specific subject matter or specific processes required by the test item |
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Term
| What is the Golden Rule Agreement? |
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Definition
| court case where Educational Testing Services agreed to give priority it item selection to those test items for which passing rates of blacks and whites are similar |
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Term
| Was the Golden Rule Agreement effective? |
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Definition
Although a test developed this way reduces the size of the difference between scores received by blacks and whites, it does not necessarily change the rank ordering of individuals
-The procedure may reduce the reliability and validity of the test |
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Term
| Verbal items are _____ likely to be regarded as biased than nonverbal items |
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Definition
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Term
| Can a test truly be culture free? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a culture-loaded test? |
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Definition
| one that deals with objects, situations, or beliefs peculiar to one particular culture or subculture |
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Term
| What is A culture reduced test? |
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Definition
one that deals with objects,
information, or symbols that are universal, i.e., members of any culture would have equal familiarity and experience with the content and demands of items |
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Term
| What is Raven’s Progressive Matrices? |
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Definition
-widely cited culture-reduced tests
-Made up of simple pictorial analogies |
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Term
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Definition
-adapting, adjusting, or making suitable
-modification in the way the test is presented or in the way the assessee responds to the test |
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Term
| What accommodations are made for people with Visual Disabilities? |
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Definition
-For the partially sighted –ensure writing materials appropriate
-More time likely required (e.g., for dictation, to allow for fatigue)
-MC questions frowned on
-Work space compact
-Large type or Braille if appropriate |
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Term
| What accommodations are made for people with Hearing Disabilities? |
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Definition
-Presenting written instructions at appropriate reading level
-Amplification of assessor’s voice
-Sign language interpreter |
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Term
| What accommodations are made for people with Motor Disabilities? |
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Definition
-Avoid tests that require manipulation of blocks, cards, etc.
-Or examiner would manipulate materials and respondent would indicate verbal response
-Use of a writer to enter responses |
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Term
| Should Accommodations be Noted the Test Protocol? |
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Definition
| A note should be limited to a description of the accommodation, rather than a description of the assessee’s disability |
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Term
| What were the main finding of the mathematics problem solving performance assessment example? |
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Definition
Teacher Reading, and Computer Reading conditions significantly increased
Performance Assessment scores over those in the accomodation condition |
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Term
| What is a main problem of using the standard written form of the MMPI for the deaf? |
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Definition
| Participants did not understand many of the MMPI items due to the frequent use of English idioms which were poorly understood. |
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Term
| Why have Group differences been found between visually impaired and sighted adults in personality inventories? |
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Definition
-Lack of normative data for visually impaired
-Artifact of the measurement tool used |
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Term
| Which is more useful? CCTV or OCR? |
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Definition
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Term
What Type of Item Content is
Unsuitable for the visually impaired? |
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Definition
Expressing preferences about leisure
reading, judgments of other people’s driving styles, and preferences for watching different activities on a street. |
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