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| scientific study of behavior and mind |
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observable actions such as moving about, talking, gesturing, and so on
can also refer to the action of cells and to thought and feelings |
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| the contents and processes of subjective experience: sensations, emotions and thoughts |
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| psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psyc problems |
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| medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psyc problems |
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| psychologists who extend the principles of scientific pssychology to practical problems |
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| psychologists who try to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind |
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| the idea that knowledge comes directly from experience |
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| the idea that some knowledge is innate or present at birth |
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| who's associated with nativism |
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| a movement proposing that certain organizing principles of perception are innate and cannot be altered by experience |
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| try to understand the mind by breaking it down into parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound |
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used to study the mind
systematic introspection required people to look inward and describe their own experiences |
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| founding father of psychology |
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| believes the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to first analyze their function and purpose |
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| structuralism associated with |
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| fundamentalism associated with |
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| behaviorism associated with |
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| proposes that the only proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience |
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a term used by freu to describe his theory of mind and system of therapy
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| who is associated with psychoanalytical approach |
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| humanistic associated with |
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| a movement in psyc that focuses on people's unique capacities for choice, responsibility, and growth |
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| first women to recieve a PHD in psyc |
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| helped pioneer the study of sex differences, abolishing a number of myths about women that were widely accepted at the time |
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| the idea that it's useful to select info from several sources rather than to rely entirely on a single perspective or school of thought |
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| the shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950s, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes |
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a movement proposing that we're born with mental processes and "software" that guide our thinking and behavior
these innate mechanisms were aquired through natural selection in our ancestral past and help us to solve specific adaptive problems |
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| the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group or community |
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| a multistep technique that genereate empirical knowledge- that is, knowledge derived from systematic observations of the world |
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| definitions that specify how concepts can be observed and measured |
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| operational definition example |
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intelligence measured by performance on a test
memory measured by the number of words correctly recalled on a retention test |
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| methods designed to observe and describe behavior |
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| when behavior changes as a result of the observational process |
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| the extent to which results generalize to other situations or are representative of real life |
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| a descriptive research technique that records naturally occurring behavior as opposed to behavior produced in the laboratory |
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| a descriptive research technique in which the effort is focused on a single case, usually an individual |
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| a descriptive research technique designed to gather limited amounts of info from many people, usually by administering some kind of questionnaire |
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| a procedure guaranteeing that everyone in the pop has an equal likelihood of being selected for the sample |
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| a measure of how the score in a distribution of scores differ from one another |
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| an indication of how much individual score differ or vary from the mean |
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| how to calculate standard deviation |
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1. finding the difference of each score from the mean
2. squaring those deviations
3. finding the average of the squared deviations
4. finding the square root of this average |
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mathematical techniques that help researchers describe their data
ex- mean and standard deviation |
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