Term
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Definition
thinking
-manipulating & transforming info in memory |
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Term
| psychologists that study cognition? (2) |
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Definition
1. cognitive psychologist
2. cognitive neuropsychologist |
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Term
| topics that cognitive psychologist study |
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Definition
| all mental activities associated w/ knowing, remembering, deciding, attending solving judging & communicating |
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Term
| major theme of cognition? |
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Definition
| conservation of resources/energy (short cuts) |
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Term
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Definition
| internal, picture-like representations (things or events) |
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Term
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Definition
| ideas that represent a group of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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Term
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Definition
helps w/ new data
-formula:by definition
-natural:by prototype |
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Term
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Definition
thinking and behaving in ways to reach a goal
-identify goal & steps needed to get there |
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Term
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Definition
try different ways till one works
-aka mechanical |
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Term
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Definition
step by step procedures that guarantee a solution
ex:every letter, every formula |
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Term
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Definition
speedier but more error prone
-educated guess based on past experience
ex:kids tv show? what letters likely tog |
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Term
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Definition
| solution comes suddenly & often novel (vs. strategy based) (Aha!) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to combine ideas & behaviors in new ways-think outside the box |
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Term
confirmation bias
example? |
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Definition
tendency to search for info that supports what we already think, & to ignore or distort info that contradicts our belief
ex:we see what we already believe |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to approach problems from only one was (esp. if worked in past)
-but failure to see from new perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to think of things only in terms of usual functions |
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Term
| using and misusuing heuristics |
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Definition
| two generally helpful shortcuts can lead the smartest into dumb decisions |
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Term
| two founders of decision making |
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Definition
| Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahneman |
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Term
| representative heuristics |
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Definition
judging how likely something is by how well it represents (matches) prototype
(can lead us to ignore other relevant info-like base rates) |
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Term
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Definition
the easier it is to think of an example, the more likely we are to think it will happen
-yet ease may be due to vividness or personal experiences-not reality |
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Term
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Definition
we are often more confident than we are correct!
-we overestimate accuracy of our beliefs & or judgements |
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Term
| The Belief Perseverance Phenomenon |
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Definition
tendency to cling to initial conceptions even after basis they were formed on has been discredited
-can we break away?
-much harder to change someone's opinion, then it is to obtain a new opinion |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated testing for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to generate unusual, yet nonetheless appropriate, responses to problems or questions |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic |
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Term
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Definition
| communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the smallest units of speech,called phonemes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
radical brain surgery in 1953, age 26 to stop seizures.
-left IQ & personality inact |
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