Term
1870 - Fritsch & Hitzig
Dog Cerebral Cortex & Brain Stimulation |
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Definition
| Used microvolts of electricity to mimic neural pathways firing. Observed dog move & use motor skills (ie. raise paw) to conclude brain stimulation directly relates/affects behavior. |
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Term
1950s-60s Flynn
Quiet Biting & Attack |
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Definition
Cats have wires inserted into brain.
Shock Lateral Hypothalamus - Cat tolerating rat --> attacking rat
Shock Medial Hypothalamus - Cat tolerating rat --> threatening rat |
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Term
| Control of Feeding experiment |
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Definition
Lesion to rat Lateral Hypothalamus (Feeding Center) - Rat starves
-Can be be intervened with plasticity
Lesion to rat Ventromedial Hypothalamus (Satiety Center) - rat doesn't stop eating |
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Term
| Walter Penfield - Human Memory - Lesions |
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Definition
| Lesioned people with severe epilepsy's brain. They recalled memories from years ago. Concluded brain is not only about physical behavior, but also cognitive behavior |
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Term
| fMRI - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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Definition
| Tracks blood flow to parts of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
-More than 2 dendrites from soma
-Most common type of neuron |
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Term
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Definition
-Sensory System
-Has receptors on dendrites
-2 branches off soma |
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Term
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Definition
-Common, peripheral sensory neurons
-Outside of spinal cord
-2nd most common neuron
-1 branch off soma |
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Term
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Definition
| Unipolar cell --> nerves --> motor-multipolar neuron --> multipolar interneuron in spinal cord --> muscles in arm to perform reflex |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibitory axon from neuron in brain is sent out to temporarily shut down motor neuron in muscle. Brain's response is relayed faster than sensory-motor connection
Inhibitory Neuron is Myelinated |
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Term
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Definition
In CNS - brain
Makes myelin - multiple axons at once |
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Definition
In Peripheral Nervous System
Makes myelin - one axon at once |
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Term
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Definition
| Stains cell bodies of neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of cell soma in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Stains for fat/myelin
Image of neural tracts |
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Term
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Definition
Stains the entire neuron, but not all neurons present
(Axon often not visible due to small size) |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of axons in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Manipulates genes so targeted cells produce fluorescent colors with a protein when a specific wavelength of light is shown |
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Term
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Definition
Allows microscopic view of neuron.
Axon = visible! |
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Term
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Definition
| Able to see glia (connective tissue between major neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
Glia
Provides nutrients to neurons
Clears debris through phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
Clears debris
Monitors immune function |
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Term
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Definition
Scaffolding
Sets up a developed neural pattern/pathway for neurons to grow/follow |
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Term
| Resting Membrane Potential - Membrane & Channels |
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Definition
Impermeable to Anion
Closed Na+
Open K+
Inside of Membrane is Negative |
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Term
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Definition
Part of myelinated axon that does not have myelin.
Depolarized for AP, allows for faster conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Action Potential is faster and stronger, jumping from node of ranvier to node of ranvier with myelin sheath conducting the AP |
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Term
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Definition
Part where Soma meets Axon
Usual point of Action Potential generation |
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Term
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Definition
AxoDendritic
AxoSomatic
AxoAxonic |
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Term
| Production of Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
Most in Soma & Transported in Vesicles
Some made in Dendrites |
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Term
| Post-Synaptic Receptors (2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Neurotransmitter dependent
Neurotransmitter attaches/binds and triggers a "cascade"
Chemicals trigger more chemicals which open the channel
Good for when only a small amount of neurotransmitter wants a larger effect
Slower than ionotropic |
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Term
| EPSP - Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential |
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Definition
Na+ in: Membrane Depolarized
Tends to be AxoDendritic |
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Term
| IPSP - Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential |
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Definition
K+ out: Hyperpolarization of Membrane
Cl- in: cancels effect of EPSP
Tends to be AxoSomatic |
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Term
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Definition
| One axon fires rapidly to increase amount of neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple axons fire onto a single neuron in close time to increase the amount of neurotransmitters |
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Term
| Neuropharmacology - Agonist |
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Definition
Enhances/Mimics normal Synapse Function
EPSP: Enhances excitatory effect
IPSP: Enhances inhibitory effect |
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Term
| Neuropharmacology - Antagonist |
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Definition
Decreases/Blocks normal Synapse Function
EPSP: Decreases excitatory effect
IPSP: Decreases inhibitory effect |
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Term
| Drugs at Receptor Binding Sites - Competitive Binding |
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Definition
| Attachment = open or close channel |
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Term
| Drugs at Receptor Binding Sites - Non-Competitive Binding |
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Definition
Attachment AND Neurotransmitter Attachment = open or close channel
Uses 2 receptor sites and drug & neurotransmitter must both be present to have an effect |
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Term
| Classes of Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
Amino Acids
Monoamines
Soluble Gases
Acetlycholine
Neuropeptide |
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