Term
|
Definition
| Research design that examines the extent to which two variables are associated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statistic that indicates the degree of strength of the relationship between two variables. Varies from -1 (negative relationship) to 1 (positive relationship). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experiment done to identify the cause of behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grouping of points on a two dimensional graph in which each dot represents a single person's data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Randomly sorting participants into two groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glial cell wrappers around axons that act as insulators of the neuron's signal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regenerative electrical impulse that travels down the axon and allows neurons to communicate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of converting an external energy or substance into neural activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Detection of physical energy by sense organs. The fundamental components of experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The brain's interpretation of raw sensory inputs. Processing of sensations to generate a meaningful interpretation of what the sensations represent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to perceive objects as the same size no matter how near or far away they are from us. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No matter the position of an object, it still looks the same. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Becoming less sensitive to a signal that is continuous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The application of our knowledge, beliefs and expectations to the perceptual interpretation of a stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process by which associations between events are learned. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thing or event in the environment that influences a behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A behavior/response influenced by a stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stimulus that automatically or naturally generates a measurable response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stimulus that elicits the same response as an unconditioned stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A response to an conditioned stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retention of information over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sustained retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memory system that retains information for limited durations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fading of information from memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apparent loss of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we've encountered similar stimuli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Devices to create meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System of communication using symbols to create meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Automatic and needs little attention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest units of vocal sound. |
|
|
Term
| Extralinguistic Information |
|
Definition
Not inherently part of a language but important for interpreting language i.e. facial expressions.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intentional vocalization that lacks specific meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drawing an extremely broad conclusion on the basis of a specific fact or minor event. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides the practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker and produce an effective response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Critical for language and speech production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to rely on old strategies to solve new problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recognizing whole words and sounding out words. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another. |
|
|
Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
|
Definition
| Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental age (measured with test) x 100 Current Age (biological) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Identical twins have the highest correlation of IQ at between .7 and .8. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theory proposing that emotions are produced by an undefined state of arousal along with an explanation of that arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorably toward it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand, and performance on the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conclusion regarding factual evidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adherence to instructions from those of higher authority. |
|
|
Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
|
Definition
| Tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people's behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A belief, positive or negative, about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A depressive episode that occurs within a month of childbirth. |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|
Definition
| Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension and irritability across many areas of life functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brief, intense episodes of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Systemized study and theory of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roger's Person Centered Therapy |
|
Definition
| Therapy centering on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portions of neurons that receive signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Space between two connecting neurons where neurotransmitters are released. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portions of neurons that send signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spherical sacs containing neurotransmitters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical messengers specialized for communication and released at the synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glial cells forming a fatty coating that prevents certain substances from entering the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Terminal point of axon branch, which releases neurotransmitters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains transparent cells that focus light on the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changes curvature to keep images in focus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Membrane at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into neural activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central portion of the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allow us to see in low levels of light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something is added to the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something is taken away from the learning environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weakens the probability of a behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes a behavior to happen more often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particular situation in which a behavior is reinforced or punished. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior is reinforced everytime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior is reinforced some of the time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specified number of correct responses must occur before a reinforcer is presented to the learner. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time interval remains the same throughout. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of correct responses that occur before a reinforcer is presented varies from trial to trial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time interval between reinforcers varies. |
|
|
