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| Declarative; with conscious recall: Refers to facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare, processed in hippocampus, Facts/general knowledge and personally experienced events |
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Procedural; without conscious recall
Processed, in part, by cerebellum
learning an action while the individual does not know or declare what she knows (riding a bike) |
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Tempory processing of explicit memory
Left: Verbal info, Right: visual designs |
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| fear (rats without it have no fear of Cats) |
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| plays key role in informing and storing implicit memories created by cc |
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| after losing his hippocampus in surgery, HM remembered everything before the operation but cannot make new memories. |
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| can make new memories but have some or all old memories lost; not as common as soaps make you think |
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| the person must retrieve information using effort |
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| the person must identify an item amongst other choices |
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| the individual shows how much time or effort is saved when learning material for the second time |
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| memories are held in a storage by a web or associations. these associations are like anchors that help retrieve memory |
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| being in the same context as learning can prime your memory |
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| from the current situation may unconscionably trigger retrival or an earlier simmilar experience |
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| Moods and Memories (effect on retrieval) |
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State-dependent memory:
Bad mood: Tend to only recall bad parts of the day
Good mood: you recall the more positive parts of the day |
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| Causes forgetting--we cannot remember what we do not encode |
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| Poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay. Ebbinghus showed this with his forgetting curve |
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| Ebbinghaus forgetting curve |
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| Most of what we learn we forget in the first 3 days, but what we still retain after that we will remember for long periods of time (Bahrick showed a simmilar pattern when retaining spanish) |
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| encoded, but can't remember 'tip of the tounge phrases'. Although the information retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed. |
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| Learning some new information may disrupt retrieval of other information |
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| when you something you learned earlier interferes with something you learned more recently ex. learning a dance the wrong way or learning to type the wrong way |
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| New information makes it harder to recall something you learned earlier... -> can't remember chem cause you're studying psyc |
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| people unknowingly revise their memories. |
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| a defense mechanism that banishes anixety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. (freud) repressed memories probably don't exist |
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| misinformation and imagination effects |
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| incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
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attributing an event to the wrong source that we experienced, heard, read, or imagined (misattribution)
Cartman's fish dicks joke |
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