Term
| People who define intelligence as “academic aptitude” are most likely to criticize: |
|
Definition
| Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences. |
|
|
Term
| Which statement best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence? |
|
Definition
| “There are multiple independent intelligences, and each must be defined within the context of a particular culture.” |
|
|
Term
| Twenty-five-year-old Alexandra has an intellectual disability and can neither read nor write. However, after hearing lengthy, unfamiliar, and complex musical selections just once, she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Alexandra is |
|
Definition
| someone with savant syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Geneva is the mayor of a small city. When a serious flood struck the city, she allocated people, financial resources, and temporary housing to help those whose homes were damaged by the flood. According to Sternberg, Geneva is demonstrating ________ intelligence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By demonstrating both intelligence and grit, highly successful people demonstrate the importance of both ability and: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A measure of intelligence based on hand size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a
________ level of validity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Older people's capacity to understand the meaning of words does not decline as much as their capacity to engage in abstract reasoning. This best illustrates the stability of: |
|
Definition
| crystallized intelligence. |
|
|
Term
| A cross-sectional study is one in which: |
|
Definition
| different age groups are tested at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| Women have scored ________ on math tests when no male test-takers were in the tested group, and African Americans have scored ________ when tested by African Americans than when tested by Whites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An instinctive behavior is one that is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carlos is studying for his psychology exam. He is finding it more and more difficult to focus because he is hungry. His hunger becomes so distracting that he leaves his studies and heads to the nearest sandwich shop. Which of the following best explains Carlos’ behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as: |
|
Definition
| the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state. |
|
|
Term
| The tendency for optimal levels of performance to be associated with moderate levels of arousal is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________. |
|
Definition
| adequate clothing; self-esteem |
|
|
Term
| The desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ten-year-old Haley tells her mom that she feels bad and lonely because she does not have a “best” friend in school. Haley is not having her need for ________ met at school. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who can imagine many alternative uses of a paper clip best illustrates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most creative scientists are those who: |
|
Definition
| are intrinsically motivated to solve problems |
|
|
Term
| Four-month-old Piper makes a series of repetitive consonant-vowel sounds such as ba ba ba ba. This best illustrates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a "t" and an "n" produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long before they can say words, many 6-month-old infants recognize the name of objects. This best illustrates their emerging capacity for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The earliest stage of speech development is called the ______ stage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By about age 7, those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language. This illustrates the importance of _________ for language. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An impairment of language is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to: |
|
Definition
| communicate through the use of symbols |
|
|
Term
| To a child, "You follow me" and "Me follow you" communicate different ideas. A chimpanzee well trained in sign language might use the same sequence of signs for both phrases because she has difficulty with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| English has a rich vocabulary for _______ emotions such as anger or happiness. Japanese has more words for _________ emotions such as sympathy. |
|
Definition
| self-focused; interpersonal |
|
|
Term
| Bilingual people, who inhibit one language while using the other, can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. This has been called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mental activities and processes associated with thinking,
knowing, remembering, and communicating information. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We overestimate the accuracy of our estimates, predictions, and knowledge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adjusting our behavior or thinking to fit in with a group standard. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response
which then triggers emotion
Implication: Physiological response is necessary for
emotion
appraisal -> physiological response -> experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stimulus triggers autonomic response and
emotion
Implication: Physiological response is independent of
emotion
Appraisal -> physiological response
-> experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Appraisal -> physiological response -> experience
-> cognitive label -> |
|
Definition
| Two Factor Theory (Schacter and Singer) |
|
|
Term
| When our actions are not in harmony with our attitudes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When we go too far in assuming that a persons behavior is
caused by their personality. |
|
Definition
| Fundamental attribution error |
|
|
Term
| Changing attitudes by going around the rational mind and appealing to fears, desires, associations. |
|
Definition
| Peripheral Route Persuasion |
|
|
Term
| Spearman found that mental abilities are like physical abilities in that they tend to cluster together: people who do well in one area also do well in another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the units of meaning, i.e. words and meaningful parts of words such as suffixes, prefixes). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| track the performance of one group of people, or cohort, over time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| withdrawal emotions (disgust, fear, anger, depression) correlate with right hemisphere activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| facial position and muscle changes can alter which emotion we feel. |
|
Definition
| Facial feedback hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| the idea that we can reduce anger by “releasing” it, and we do this by acting aggressively (yelling, punching a pillow). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one. |
|
Definition
| foot in the door phenomenon |
|
|
